ArticleAnnals of general psychiatry2018
Validity of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 to screen for depression in nationwide primary care population in Latvia.
Article in Annals of general psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Validation of the patient health questionnaire-9 and the generalized anxiety disorder-7 in Lithuanian student sample.PloS one · 2022Trial
- How do social determinants and legal status affect the health of undocumented migrants in France?BMC public health · 2026Article
- The First Telementoring Programme in Latvia: A Qualitative Study of the "ECHO School of Psychiatry" for General Practitioners.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Postpartum Depression Screening in Latvia: Validation and Optimal Cut-Off of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Mapping Postpartum Depression in Latvia: Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Women Receiving Outpatient Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Psychoactive Substance Use and Its Association with Mental Health Symptomatology Among Latvian Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Validation of Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ-14), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in Unguja Island, Zanzibar.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of depression and its association with social support among cancer patients: implications for enhancing oncology care.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: an investigation using Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Depression and anxiety among people living with HIV and key populations at risk for HIV in the Eastern European and Central Asian region: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Introducing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in the Latvian government-funded mental health sector.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Expanding the Non-Clinical Mental Health Workforce: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention Delivered by Community-Based Organizations in New York City (RECOUP-NY).Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Interconnected Pathways: Exploring Inflammation, Pain, and Cognitive Decline in Osteoarthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Improving Depression Screening in Adult Patients With Cancer.Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology · 2024Article
- Serum Levels of Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and their Association with Depression in Environmentally Exposed Populations in Kazakhstan.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Pain as a Symptom of Mental Health Conditions Among Undocumented Migrants in France: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors Among Hemodialysis Patients in Hodeida City, Yemen.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Factor structure of the patient health questionnaire-4 in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Point prevalence and sex-specific associated factors of depression in Latvian general population.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundDepression is highly underdiagnosed in primary care settings in Latvia. Screening for depression in primary care is potentially an efficient way to find undetected case s and improve diagnostics. We aimed to validate both a nine-item and two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 and PHQ-2) in the Latvian and Russian languages in primary care settings using a representative sample in Latvia. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study was carried out within the framework of the National Research Program BIOMEDICINE to assess the prevalence of mental disorders at 24 primary care facilities. During a 1-week period, all consecutive adult patients were invited to complete the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2. Criterion validity was assessed against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).
resultsThere were 1467 patients who completed the PHQ-9 and the MINI. Overall, the PHQ-9 items showed good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.81 for Latvian version and 0.79 for Russian version of the PHQ-9). A cut-off score of 8 or greater was established for the PHQ-9 (sensitivity 0.75 and 0.79, specificity 0.84 and 0.80 for Latvian and Russian languages, respectively). For the PHQ-2, a score of 2 or higher (sensitivity 0.79 and 0.79, specificity 0.65 and 0.67 for Latvian and Russian languages) detected more cases of depression than a score of 3 or higher.
conclusionsWe suggest GPs ask patients to respond to the first 2 questions of the PHQ-9. If their score is positive, the patients should then complete the PHQ-9.
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