ArticleThe Journal of head trauma rehabilitation
An Exploratory Study of Mild Cognitive Impairment of Retired Professional Contact Sport Athletes.
Article in The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Association of Physical (in)Activity with Mental Health. Differences between Elder and Younger Populations: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Concussion and long-term cognitive impairment among professional or elite sport-persons: a systematic review.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Characterizing the Risk of Depression Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature Comparing Chronic mTBI to Non-mTBI Populations.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Long-term neurobehavioral and neuroimaging outcomes in athletes with prior concussion(s) and head impact exposure.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Review
- Article
- Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies of Concussions: A Comprehensive Review.Fortune journal of health sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Interactive Effects of Racial Identity and Repetitive Head Impacts on Cognitive Function, Structural MRI-Derived Volumetric Measures, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau and Aβ.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) rates are higher among retired professional contact sport athletes than in noncontact athlete controls and compare history of contact sports with other MCI risk factors.
settingUniversity Concussion Management Clinic.
participantsTwenty-one retired National Football League and National Hockey League players and 21 aged-matched noncontact athlete controls. DESIGNS: Case-control. MAIN MEASURES: Comprehensive criteria were used to assess MCI based on the following: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; Trail Making Parts A and B; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition subtests; Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Memory Module List Learning, Story Learning, and Naming subtests; and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The Wide Range Achievement Test was used as a proxy measure for IQ. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors were self-reported and blood cholesterol was measured. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI).
resultsEight contact sport athletes (38%) and 3 noncontact athletes (14%) met MCI criteria (P = .083). Contact sport athletes' scores were significantly worse on Letter Fluency and List B Immediate Recall. Contact athletes were more obese, had more vascular risk factors, and had higher scores on the BDI than controls.
conclusionAthletes with a history of playing professional contact sports had more vascular risk factors and higher depression scores. MCI rates were somewhat higher, though not significant.
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Registered trials
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