Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30079578›Full record

Observational studyJournal of diabetes investigation2019

Direct medical costs for patients with type 2 diabetes in 16 tertiary hospitals in urban China: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Xiang Li, Zhangrong Xu, Linong Ji, Lixin Guo, Jing Liu, Kun Feng, Yushan Xu, Dalong Zhu, Weiping Jia, XinWu Ran and 9 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Updates on dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 16 institutions in 1 country.

Xiang LiDiabetes Center, Department of Endocrinology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-3767
Zhangrong XuDiabetes Center, Department of Endocrinology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
Linong JiDepartment of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Lixin GuoDepartment of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jing LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Kun FengDepartment of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China.
Yushan XuDepartment of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kumming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Dalong ZhuDepartment of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Weiping JiaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
XinWu RanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Limin ChenKey Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Shi ZhaoDepartment of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
Bingying ShiDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China.
Jun ZhuDepartment of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Zhongyan ShanThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-2380
Zhiguang ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-1838
Longyi ZengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Jianping WengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
cooperative group on Direct Medical Cost Investigation of Diabetes in Chinese Urban Tertiary Hospitals, Chinese Diabetes Society
PLA 306 Hospital · CNSun Yat-sen University · CNBeijing Hospital · CNCentral Hospital of Wuhan · CNCentral South University · CNChina Medical University · CNFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University · CNGansu Provincial Hospital · CNHeilongjiang Provincial Hospital · CNKunming Medical University · CNNanjing Drum Tower Hospital · CNPeking University · CNShanghai Jiao Tong University · CNSichuan University · CNTianjin Infectious Diseases Hospital · CNXinjiang Medical University · CN

Funding

Wu Jieping Medical Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionTo investigate the direct medical costs for patients with type 2 diabetes in China and to examine the influencing factors. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn the present multicenter study, 1,070 patients with type 2 diabetes from 16 tertiary hospitals in 14 major cities of China were enrolled. Patient data and direct medical costs were collected during a follow-up period of 6 months at intervals of 1 month. The log-transformed direct medical costs were fitted by a generalized estimation equation to indicator variables for demographics, metabolic control, treatments, complications and comorbidities.

resultsData of 871 participants were included in the analysis. The mean annual total direct medical costs and outpatient medical costs were $1,990.20 and $1,687.20 respectively. The average costs per inpatient per admission were $2,127.10. The share of out-of-pocket for total medical costs, outpatient costs and cost per inpatient per admission were 45.4, 46.3 and 26.0% respectively. Independent determinants of total medical costs were diabetes duration, dyslipidemia and diabetic complications, such as neuropathy and nephropathy, as well as diabetes treatment, such as the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Costs showed prominent variation across centers.

conclusionsDiabetes is imposing a growing economic burden in patients with type 2 diabetes in China. Diabetes-related complications and comorbidities have a great impact on the medical costs. As different health policies, economic development and regional health inequalities also have an important influence on the direct medical cost, healthcare reform needs to optimize resource allocation in health service delivery systems, and provide more equitable and affordable healthcare.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessHealth Care CostsDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesTertiary Care CentersChinaDirect medical costsType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID30079578
PMCPMC6400170
OpenAlexW2885703727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.