ArticleJournal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association2018
Differential Impact of Index Stroke on Dementia Risk in African-Americans Compared to Whites.
Article in Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06615973 (Understanding Stroke Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Understanding Stroke Outcomes: Stroke Resilience, Infarct Burden, and Long-Term Cognition
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of polygenic risk in Alzheimer's disease prediction for African Americans.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Observational
- Local SNP-explained methylation variation reveals genetically anchored and exposure-associated methylation architecture in the human brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ARTS is associated with vascular risk factors, MCI, dementia, and stroke.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Incidence and Outcomes.Current cardiovascular risk reports · 2025Article
- Cerebral arteriolosclerosis, lacunar infarcts, and cognition in older Black adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Was COVID-19 Associated With Worsening Inequities in Stroke Treatment and Outcomes?Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Intersectionality in Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Female Sex and Black American Race in the Development and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Review
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
- Post-stroke dysphagia and ambient air pollution are associated with dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- A comparison of techniques for deriving clustering and switching scores from verbal fluency word lists.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Verbal fluency response times predict incident cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Revisiting social MPE: an integration of molecular pathological epidemiology and social science in the new era of precision medicine.Expert review of molecular diagnostics · 2021Article
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia After Stroke: Design and Rationale for the DISCOVERY Study.Stroke · 2021Review
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2021Article
- Maltreatment timing, HPA axis functioning, multigenic risk, and depressive symptoms in African American youth: Differential associations without moderated mediation.Development and psychopathology · 2020Article
- Vascular-brain Injury Progression after Stroke (VIPS) study: concept for understanding racial and geographic determinants of cognitive decline after stroke.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2020Review
- Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Cerebral Perfusion in Whites and African Americans.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare whites and African-Americans in terms of dementia risk following index stroke.
methodsThe data consisted of billing and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes from the South Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs office on all hospital discharges within the state between 2000 and 2012. The sample consisted of 68,758 individuals with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke prior to 2010 (49,262 white [71.65%] and 19,496 African-Americans [28.35%]). We identified individuals in the dataset who were subsequently diagnosed with any of 5 categories of dementia and evaluated time to dementia diagnosis in Cox Proportional Hazards models. We plotted cumulative hazard curves to illustrate the effect of race on dementia risk after controlling for age, sex, and occurrence of intervening stroke.
resultsAge at index stroke was significantly different between the 2 groups, with African-Americans being younger on average (70.0 [SD 12.5] in whites versus 64.5 [SD 14.1] in African-Americans, P < .0001). Adjusted hazard ratios revealed that African-American race increased risk for all 5 categories of dementia following incident stroke, ranging from 1.37 for AD to 1.95 for vascular dementia. Age, female sex, and intervening stroke likewise increased risk for dementia.
conclusionsAfrican-Americans are at higher risk for dementia than whites within 5 years of ischemic stroke, regardless of dementia subtype. Incident strokes may have a greater likelihood of precipitating dementia in African-Americans due to higher prevalence of nonstroke cerebrovascular disease or other metabolic or vascular factors that contribute to cognitive impairment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.