ArticleBMC health services research2018
The factor structure of the general health questionnaire (GHQ12) in Saudi Arabia.
Article in BMC health services research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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35 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy program on mental health status among medical student in Palestine during COVID pandemic.BMC psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Prevalence and associated factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms among Palestinian university students.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Effect of psychological distress on oral health: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Mental health and natural land cover: a global analysis based on random forest with geographical consideration.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dimensionality of the Swahili version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in a Kenyan population: A confirmatory factor analysis.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Reliability, validity and dimensionality of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire among South African healthcare workers.African journal of psychological assessment · 2024Article
- The association between transient childhood psychotic experiences and psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood: Examining the role of mental disorders and adult attachment.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Factor Structure of the GHQ-12 and Their Applicability to Epilepsy Patients for Screening Mental Health Problems.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Using GHQ-12 to Screen Mental Health Issues in People with Emphysema.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mental Health in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients: Findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Relationship between Happiness and Mental Health among Saudi Women.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Global and Dimensions of Mental Health in Arthritis Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Understanding the effect of angina on general and dimensions of psychological distress: findings from understanding society.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Psychological well-being among Saudi adults during the context of COVID-19 lockdown: a psychometric analysis of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire.BMC psychology · 2022Article
- Understanding the Effect of Multiple Sclerosis on General and Dimensions of Mental Health.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- How to Measure the Mental Health of Teachers? Psychometric Properties of the GHQ-12 in a Large Sample of German Teachers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Psychological Wellbeing of Diabetic Individuals, Prediabetics, and Non-diabetics: A Population-Based Study in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Mental health status of informal waste workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2022Article
- Investigating the association between diabetes and mental health: A train-and-test approach.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is one of the most unique and extensively used self-report instruments for evaluating psychological disorders and strains. However, the factor structure of GHQ-12 has not been fully explored. The current study aims to assess the factorial structure of GHQ-12 in a large cross-sectional data-set extracted from Al Kharj central region of Saudi Arabia.
methodsPopulation based cross sectional data was extracted from January 2016 to June 2016 from Al Kharj population recruiting 1019 respondents aged 18 and above. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied together with multiple regression analysis to extract and retain factors. Mean GHQ-12 score for demographic and health-related traits were used for assessing this association. Statistical analysis was carried out using STATA version 12.1.
resultsThree factors, including social dysfunction, anxiety, and loss of confidence were extracted from the factor structure. 55% of the overall variance was obtained through these factors. Total score of GHQ-12 ranged from 0 to 32 with a mean score of 12.
conclusionInvestigation of the factor structure of GHQ-12 demonstrated that GHQ-12 is a good measure for evaluating the general health of Saudi population. Future studies based on a larger sample size of non-clinical respondents will be useful to evaluate the practical effectiveness of GHQ-12 factors.
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