ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2018
Interaction between known risk factors for head and neck cancer and socioeconomic status: the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal mechanisms proposed for the alcohol harm paradox-a systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenomic signatures defining the molecular subtypes of head and neck cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Differences in oral health status between cancer patients: a case-control observational study.BMC oral health · 2025Observational
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene product expression is associated with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Small-area spatio-temporal analysis of cancer risk to support effective and equitable cancer prevention.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association of Gout with Head and Neck Cancer: Longitudinal Follow-Up Studies Using a National Health Insurance Database in South Korea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Update on Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers: A guide for oral health care providers.Journal of dental hygiene : JDH · 2024Article
- Quality of Life of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Poor oral health influences head and neck cancer patient survival: an International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium pooled analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Article
- Optical imaging for screening and early cancer diagnosis in low-resource settings.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2024Article
- Head and neck cancer patients show poor oral health as compared to those with other types of cancer.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Review
- The COVID-19 pandemic has not changed stage at presentation nor treatment patterns of head and neck cancer: A retrospective cohort study.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2023Article
- Mendelian randomization eradicates the causal relationship between educational attainment, household income, and oropharyngeal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Association between secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women and their socioeconomic status and its interaction with age: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Chronic stress promotes an immunologic inflammatory state and head and neck cancer growth in a humanized murine model.Head & neck · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic status, access to care, risk factor patterns, and stage at diagnosis for head and neck cancer among black and white patients.Head & neck · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Oral Cancerous and Precancerous Lesions in an Underserved Community: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Prevalence of High- and Low-Risk Types of HPV in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and Healthy Individuals Living in Poland.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Oral cancer knowledge and screening behavior among smokers and non-smokers in rural communities.BMC cancer · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Prior studies of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) have explored the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as an independent risk factor; however, none have investigated the interaction of known risk factors with SES. We examined this using the North Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Study, a population-based case-control study. Incident cases of SCCHN from North Carolina between 2002 and 2006 (n = 1,153) were identified and age, sex, and race-matched controls (n = 1,267) were selected from driver license records. SES measures included household income, educational attainment, and health insurance. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Current smoking was more strongly associated with SCCHN among those households making < $20,000/year [OR 5.11 (3.61-6.61)] compared to household incomes > $50,000/year [OR 2.47 (1.69-3.25); p interaction < 0.001]. Current drinking was more strongly associated with SCCHN in household incomes < $20,000 [OR 2.91 (2.05-3.78)] compared to > $50,000/year [1.28 (0.97-1.58); p interaction < 0.001]. Current drinkers with less than high school education or income < $20,000 had nearly threefold odds of never-drinkers in the same SES category [OR 2.91 (2.05-3.78); 2.09 (1.39-2.78), respectively]. Our results suggest that the relationship of smoking and alcohol use may be stronger among those of lower SES.
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Registered trials
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