ArticleEvoDevo2018
Analyses of nervous system patterning genes in the tardigrade
Article in EvoDevo, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- At the Edge of Survival: Exploring the Frontiers of Tardigrade Extreme Stress Tolerance.Molecular ecology · 2026Review
- Candidate Cyanide Resistance Genes in Eutardigrade (Tardigrada) Genomes and KCN Resistance ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- FGF and BMP pathway genes are expressed in segmentally iterated domains during segmentation of germ layers in a tardigrade.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Organ systems of a Cambrian euarthropod larva.Nature · 2024Article
- Organisation of the nervous system in cysts of the freshwater tardigrade Thulinius ruffoi (Parachela, Isohypsibioidea: Doryphoribiidae).Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Review
- Cambrian lobopodians shed light on the origin of the tardigrade body plan.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The Embryonic Origin of Primordial Germ Cells in the TardigradebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Review of extra-embryonic tissues in the closest arthropod relatives, onychophorans and tardigrades.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Review
- Extensive loss of Wnt genes in Tardigrada.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Loss of intermediate regions of perpendicular body axes contributed to miniaturization of tardigrades.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBoth euarthropods and vertebrates have tripartite brains. Several orthologous genes are expressed in similar regionalized patterns during brain development in both vertebrates and euarthropods. These similarities have been used to support direct homology of the tripartite brains of vertebrates and euarthropods. If the tripartite brains of vertebrates and euarthropods are homologous, then one would expect other taxa to share this structure. More generally, examination of other taxa can help in tracing the evolutionary history of brain structures. Tardigrades are an interesting lineage on which to test this hypothesis because they are closely related to euarthropods, and whether they have a tripartite brain or unipartite brain has recently been a focus of debate.
resultsWe tested this hypothesis by analyzing the expression patterns of
conclusionOur results buttress the conclusion of our previous study of Hox genes-that the brain of tardigrades is only homologous to the protocerebrum of euarthropods. They support a model based on fossil evidence that the last common ancestor of tardigrades and euarthropods possessed a unipartite brain. Our results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the tripartite brain of euarthropods is directly homologous to the tripartite brain of vertebrates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.