Trial reportBMC medical education2018
Three-dimensional printing models in congenital heart disease education for medical students: a controlled comparative study.
Trial report in BMC medical education, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of three-dimensional printing models in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- The application of 3D printing in preoperative planning for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review.Biomedical engineering online · 2022Pooled it
- Role of 3D printing technology in paediatric teaching and training: a systematic review.BMJ paediatrics open · 2021Pooled it
- The role of 3D printed models in the teaching of human anatomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2020Pooled it
- Evaluating the educational impact of tomography-based high-resolution 3D-printed distal radius fracture models.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- A three-dimensional printed model in preoperative consent for ventricular septal defect repair.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2021Trial
- [Intraosseous access in infants-development of an anatomical training model].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2026Article
- Research hotspots and frontier trends in the field of 3D printing in medical education from 2010 to 2025: a bibliometric analysis.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- [Moulage 2.0: a cross-sectional study on a 3D-printed skin model in dermatological education and training].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Comparing assisting technologies for proficiency in cardiac morphology: 3D printing and mixed reality versus CT slice images for morphological understanding of congenital heart defects by medical students.Anatomical sciences education · 2025Article
- The Usefulness of 3D Heart Models as a Tool of Congenital Heart Disease Education: A Narrative Review.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular computed tomography in cardiovascular disease: An overview of its applications from diagnosis to prediction.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2024Article
- Pilot Study on the Development and Integration of Anthropomorphic Models within the Dental Technician Curriculum.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease: Beyond Lumen Assessment.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- An Opportunity to See the Heart Defect Physically: Medical Student Experiences of Technology-Enhanced Learning with 3D Printed Models of Congenital Heart Disease.Medical science educator · 2023Article
- Application of additional three-dimensional materials for education in pediatric anatomy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- 3D printing of foetal vascular rings: feasibility and applicability.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Low-Cost Models in Medical Education and Clinical Practice.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Models in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Efficacy of three-dimensional models for medical education: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials.Heliyon · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study sought to assess, using subjective (self-assessment) and objective (MCQ) methods, the efficacy of using heart models with ventricular septal defect lesions produced with three-dimensional printing technology in a congenital heart disease curriculum for medical students.
methodsThree computed tomography datasets of three subtypes of ventricular septal defects (perimembranous, subarterial and muscular, one for each) were obtained and processed for building into and printing out 3D models. Then a total of 63 medical students in one class were randomly allocated to two groups (32 students in the experimental, and 31 the control). The two groups participated in a seminar with or without a 3D heart model, respectively. Assessment of this curriculum was carried out using Likert-type questionnaires as well as an objective multiple choice question test assessing both knowledge acquisition, and structural conceptualization. Open-ended questions were also provided for getting advice and suggestion on 3D model utilization in CHD education.
resultsWith these 3D models, feedback shown in the questionnaires from students in experimental group was significantly more positive than their classmates in the control. And the test results also showed a significant difference in structural conceptualization in favor of the experimental group.
conclusionIt is effective to use heart models created using current 3D printing technology for congenital heart disease education. It stimulates students' interest in congenital heart disease and improves the outcomes of medical education.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.