ArticlePloS one2018
Geospatial distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in Africa.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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46 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Genomic epidemiology ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Human genetic ancestry,eLife · 2026Article
- Conserved neutrophil degranulation transcripts in HIV-TB coinfected children across East and Southern Africa.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial clustering and genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated diagnostic delays in Nairobi County, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Phylodynamic analysis reveals disparate transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages in Botswana.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Western Burkina Faso: insights from a MIRU-VNTR study.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Rifampicin-resistantJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Cross-border investigation of a tuberculosis outbreak in Vienna linked to a multi-country cluster among foreign-born individuals, Europe, 2021 to 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Article
- Whole genomic analysis uncovers high genetic diversity of rifampicin-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of a sequence-specificMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Implications of serological, genomic, and epidemiological insights intoFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis disease burden in China: a spatio-temporal clustering and prediction study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Whole-genome sequencing-based genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and drug-resistant mutations inFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Strain structure analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating among HIV negative, positive and drug resistant TB patients attending chest clinics in Western Kenya.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Genetic diversity ofHeliyon · 2023Article
- Determining the risk-factors for molecular clustering of drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Molecular investigations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes among baseline and follow-up strains circulating in four regions of Eswatini.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
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17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes across Africa.
methodsThe SITVIT2 global repository and PUBMED were searched for spoligotype and published genotype data respectively, of M. tuberculosis from Africa. M. tuberculosis lineages in Africa were described and compared across regions and with those from 7 European and 6 South-Asian countries. Further analysis of the major lineages and sub-lineages using Principal Component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were done to describe clustering by geographical regions. Evolutionary relationships were assessed using phylogenetic tree analysis.
resultsA total of 14727 isolates from 35 African countries were included in the analysis and of these 13607 were assigned to one of 10 major lineages, whilst 1120 were unknown. There were differences in geographical distribution of major lineages and their sub-lineages with regional clustering. Southern African countries were grouped based on high prevalence of LAM11-ZWE strains; strains which have an origin in Portugal. The grouping of North African countries was due to the high percentage of LAM9 strains, which have an origin in the Eastern Mediterranean region. East African countries were grouped based on Central Asian (CAS) and East-African Indian (EAI) strain lineage possibly reflecting historic sea trade with Asia, while West African Countries were grouped based on Cameroon lineage of unknown origin. A high percentage of the Haarlem lineage isolates were observed in the Central African Republic, Guinea, Gambia and Tunisia, however, a mixed distribution prevented close clustering.
conclusionsThis study highlighted that the TB epidemic in Africa is driven by regional epidemics characterized by genetically distinct lineages of M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis in these regions may have been introduced from either Europe or Asia and has spread through pastoralism, mining and war. The vast array of genotypes and their associated phenotypes should be considered when designing future vaccines, diagnostics and anti-TB drugs.
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