Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30065787›Full record

SynthesisJournal of foot and ankle research2018

Incorrectly fitted footwear, foot pain and foot disorders: a systematic search and narrative review of the literature.

Andrew K Buldt, Hylton B Menz

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06515665 (Investigation of the Effectiveness of Diabetic Recovery Shoes and Artificial Intelligence Supported Structured Exercise Program in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Receiving Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06515665 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Investigation of the Effectiveness of Diabetic Recovery Shoes and Artificial Intelligence Supported Structured Exercise Program in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Receiving Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

TypeinterventionalSponsorHacettepe UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled66ConditionsDiabetic Foot UlcerArmstherapeutic foot orthosis
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Understanding Footwear Needs: A Conceptual Review.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Effect of toe box size on basketball-specific movement performance.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Andrew K Buldt1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2020-2780
Hylton B Menz1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia.
La Trobe University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCorrect footwear fitting is acknowledged as being vitally important, as incorrectly fitted footwear has been linked to foot pathology. The aim of this narrative review was to determine the prevalence of incorrectly fitted footwear and to examine the association between incorrectly fitted footwear, foot pain and foot disorders.

methodsA database search of Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL yielded 1,681 citations for title and abstract review. Eighteen articles were included. Findings were summarised under the categories of (i) children, (ii) adults, (ii) older people, (iii) people with diabetes and (iii) occupation- or activity-specific footwear. Differences in footwear fitting between sexes were also explored.

resultsBetween 63 and 72% of participants were wearing shoes that did not accommodate either width or length dimensions of their feet. There was also evidence that incorrect footwear fitting was associated with foot pain and foot disorders such as lesser toe deformity, corns and calluses. Specific participant groups, such as children with Down syndrome and older people and people with diabetes were more likely to wear shoes that were too narrow (between 46 and 81%).

conclusionA large proportion of the population wear incorrectly sized footwear, which is associated with foot pain and foot disorders. Greater emphasis should be placed on both footwear fitting education and the provision of an appropriately large selection of shoes that can accommodate the variation in foot morphology among the population, particularly in relation to foot width.

Indexed as

AdultAgedChildDiabetic FootFoot DiseasesHumansPainSex FactorsShoes

Identifiers

PMID30065787
PMCPMC6064070
OpenAlexW2883923346

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.