ArticleToxins2018
Integrating Engineering, Manufacturing, and Regulatory Considerations in the Development of Novel Antivenoms.
Article in Toxins, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering Antivenom: Research Progress and Future Directions in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- CXCL12-targeting siRNA nanoparticles alleviate immunosuppression and inhibit tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Landscape of toxin-neutralizing therapeutics for snakebite envenoming (2015-2022): Setting the stage for an R&D agenda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Scorpion Sting Envenomation, a Neglected Tropical Disease: A Nationwide Survey Exploring Perspectives and Attitudes of Resident Doctors from India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Towards better antivenoms: navigating the road to new types of snakebite envenoming therapies.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Development of New Strategies for Malaria Chemoprophylaxis: From Monoclonal Antibodies to Long-Acting Injectable Drugs.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- Article
- Centaur antibodies: Engineered chimeric equine-human recombinant antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Clinical management of snakebite envenoming: Future perspectives.Toxicon: X · 2021Article
- Snakebite Envenoming Diagnosis and Diagnostics.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Toxinology provides multidirectional and multidimensional opportunities: A personal perspective.Toxicon: X · 2020Article
- Scorpion Venom: Detriments and Benefits.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Cost of Manufacturing for Recombinant Snakebite Antivenoms.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Reassessing therapeutic antibodies for neglected and tropical diseases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Perspective on the Therapeutics of Anti-Snake Venom.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- History of Envenoming Therapy and Current Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Biosynthetic Oligoclonal Antivenom (BOA) for Snakebite and Next-Generation Treatments for Snakebite Victims.Toxins · 2018Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that requires immediate attention. Conventional plasma-derived snakebite antivenoms have existed for more than 120 years and have been instrumental in saving thousands of lives. However, both a need and an opportunity exist for harnessing biotechnology and modern drug development approaches to develop novel snakebite antivenoms with better efficacy, safety, and affordability. For this to be realized, though, development approaches, clinical testing, and manufacturing must be feasible for any novel treatment modality to be brought to the clinic. Here, we present engineering, manufacturing, and regulatory considerations that need to be taken into account for any development process for a novel antivenom product, with a particular emphasis on novel antivenoms based on mixtures of monoclonal antibodies. We highlight key drug development challenges that must be addressed, and we attempt to outline some of the important shifts that may have to occur in the ways snakebite antivenoms are designed and evaluated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.