ArticleVaccines2018
Activation-induced Markers Detect Vaccine-Specific CD4⁺ T Cell Responses Not Measured by Assays Conventionally Used in Clinical Trials.
Article in Vaccines, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced Ebola vaccine responses in CMV+ young adults is associated with expansion of CD57+KLRG1+ T cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Trial
- Development of a unified mass cytometry assay integrating activation-induced markers (AIMs) and cytokine profiling for high-throughput assessment of antigen-specific T cell responses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Reproducible detection of antigen-specific T cells and Tregs via standardized and automated activation-induced marker assay workflows.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Adenosine deaminase co-immunization reverses age-associated immunosenescence by restoring germinal center T follicular helper cell function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A novel CD69 binding ankyrin repeat protein (AnkyronResearch square · 2026Article
- Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 exposure through T cell activation profiles.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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- Viral diversity influences T-cell responses to enteric human adenoviruses F40 and F41.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Combining Activation-Induced Markers With PD-L1 Selectively Enhances Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cells in Virus-Infected Individuals.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Advanced Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi-Specific CD4Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Capturing the full spectrum of T cell responses with spectral flow cytometry.Oxford open immunology · 2026Review
- Minimal immune cell subset differences in a cohort of close contacts of tuberculosis index cases.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025Article
- A viral codon usage strategy enhances antigen production and protection in SFTSV mRNA vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
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- Dosing interval is a major factor determining the quality of T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines.Science immunology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 mRNA or viral vector vaccine type and subject sex influence the SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Deconvoluting TCR-dependent and -independent activation is vital for reliable Ag-specific CD4Science advances · 2025Article
- Disease-associated B cells and immune endotypes shape adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in human SLE.Nature immunology · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunogenicity of T cell-inducing vaccines, such as viral vectors or DNA vaccines and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), are frequently assessed by cytokine-based approaches. While these are sensitive methods that have shown correlates of protection in various vaccine studies, they only identify a small proportion of the vaccine-specific T cell response. Responses to vaccination are likely to be heterogeneous, particularly when comparing prime and boost or assessing vaccine performance across diverse populations. Activation-induced markers (AIM) can provide a broader view of the total antigen-specific T cell response to enable a more comprehensive evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity. We tested an AIM assay for the detection of vaccine-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses in healthy UK adults vaccinated with viral vectored Ebola vaccine candidates, ChAd3-EBO-Z and MVA-EBO-Z. We used the markers, CD25, CD134 (OX40), CD274 (PDL1), and CD107a, to sensitively identify vaccine-responsive T cells. We compared the use of OX40⁺CD25⁺ and OX40⁺PDL1⁺ in CD4⁺ T cells and OX40⁺CD25⁺ and CD25⁺CD107a⁺ in CD8⁺ T cells for their sensitivity, specificity, and associations with other measures of vaccine immunogenicity. We show that activation-induced markers can be used as an additional method of demonstrating vaccine immunogenicity, providing a broader picture of the global T cell response to vaccination.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.