Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30064392›Full record

ReviewBMC psychiatry2018

Inclusion of people of color in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: a review of the literature.

Timothy I Michaels, Jennifer Purdon, Alexis Collins, Monnica T Williams

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in BMC psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Trial
  10. Psilocybin therapy for mood dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: an open-label pilot trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
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  13. A contemporary exploration of motivations and practices of psychedelic use among emerging adult cannabis users in the United States: A qualitative analysis.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026
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  19. Attitudes of U.S. Muslims Toward Psychedelics.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2026
    Article
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28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Timothy I MichaelsDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bousfield Psychology Building, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. timothy.michaels@uconn.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3048-6860
Jennifer PurdonDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bousfield Psychology Building, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Alexis CollinsDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bousfield Psychology Building, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Monnica T WilliamsDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bousfield Psychology Building, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite renewed interest in studying the safety and efficacy of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of psychological disorders, the enrollment of racially diverse participants and the unique presentation of psychopathology in this population has not been a focus of this potentially ground-breaking area of research. In 1993, the United States National Institutes of Health issued a mandate that funded research must include participants of color and proposals must include methods for achieving diverse samples.

methodsA methodological search of psychedelic studies from 1993 to 2017 was conducted to evaluate ethnoracial differences in inclusion and effective methods of recruiting peopple of color.

resultsOf the 18 studies that met full criteria (n = 282 participants), 82.3% of the participants were non-Hispanic White, 2.5% were African-American, 2.1% were of Latino origin, 1.8% were of Asian origin, 4.6% were of indigenous origin, 4.6% were of mixed race, 1.8% identified their race as "other," and the ethnicity of 8.2% of participants was unknown. There were no significant differences in recruitment methodologies between those studies that had higher (> 20%) rates of inclusion.

conclusionsAs minorities are greatly underrepresented in psychedelic medicine studies, reported treatment outcomes may not generalize to all ethnic and cultural groups. Inclusion of minorities in futures studies and improved recruitment strategies are necessary to better understand the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy in people of color and provide all with equal opportunities for involvement in this potentially promising treatment paradigm.

Indexed as

AdultBlack or African AmericanEthnicityFemaleHallucinogensHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMental DisordersMinority GroupsPsychotherapyRacial GroupsResearch DesignUnited StatesHallucinogensEthnic differencesMinority recruitmentPeople of colorPsychedelic-assisted psychotherapy

Identifiers

PMID30064392
PMCPMC6069717

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.