ArticleJournal of anesthesia2018
In vitro changes in the proportion of protein-unbound-free propofol induced by valproate.
Article in Journal of anesthesia, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medication profiles of patients undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia or sedation in special needs dentistry.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Development of Propofol-Encapsulated Liposomes and the Effect of Intranasal Administration on Bioavailability in Rabbits.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Effects of ketamine and propofol on muscarinic plateau potentials in rat neocortical pyramidal cells.PloS one · 2025Article
- Anesthetic Considerations for Patients on Psychotropic Drug Therapies.Neurology international · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIt has been reported that oral valproate (VPA) reduces the dose of propofol required for sedation. As a potential reason for this, it is considered that VPA displaces serum protein-bound propofol and increases the proportion of protein-unbound-free propofol. To examine this hypothesis, the present in vitro study investigated the influence of VPA on the proportion of protein-unbound-free propofol in human serum samples.
methodsSerum samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers, who were not taking any medication. VPA (final concentration: 0.05, 0.1 or 1 mg/mL) and propofol (final concentration: 1 or 5 µg/mL) were mixed with serum samples with normal (4.0 g/dL) or low (2.5 g/dL) albumin concentrations. Then, protein-unbound-free propofol was extracted from the samples, and its concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. We compared the proportion of protein-unbound-free propofol in each of the VPA-containing samples with that in serum samples without VPA (control).
resultsIn the serum samples with normal albumin concentrations, 1 mg/mL VPA significantly increased the proportion of protein-unbound-free propofol at 1 and 5 µg/mL propofol. Furthermore, in the serum samples with low albumin concentrations, the proportion of protein-unbound-free propofol was significantly increased by both 0.1 and 1 mg/mL VPA at propofol concentrations of 1 and 5 µg/mL.
conclusionVPA might increase the proportion of protein-unbound-free propofol in human serum via displacement reactions.
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