ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
A Comparison of Dependence across Different Types of Nicotine Containing Products and Coffee.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Cannabis Green Wave" versus "Nicotine Freeze": the regulatory paradox of cannabis liberalization and nicotine prohibition.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- What is the Addictive Potential from Vaping?Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- Nicotine-induced changes in surface properties of restorative materials and dental enamel: An in vitro study on flavored e-cigarette exposure.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Patterns and prevalence of depression, tobacco, and caffeine use among university students from different majors in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Development and initial validation of a new self-report measure to assess perceived dependence on tobacco and nicotine products.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The association between dental caries and physical activity, physical fitness, and background factors among Finnish male conscripts.Odontology · 2023Article
- Assessment of nicotine delivery and uptake in users of various tobacco/nicotine products.Current research in toxicology · 2022Article
- Prevalence, duration of exposure and predicting factors for snus use among young Finnish men: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFew studies have compared the dependence to different tobacco and nicotine products. Even less is known about how it relates to dependence on other common drugs, e.g., caffeine. In this study degree of dependence was compared between snus, cigarettes, nicotine replacement (NR), electronic cigarettes and coffee.
methodsA random sample of Swedish citizens belonging to an internet panel were contacted from September to October 2017. The responders were asked among other related things about their use of snus, NR, traditional cigarette or e-cigarette use and coffee consumption. The indicators of dependence used were: (A) the Heavy Smoking Index, (B) The proportions that used within 30 min after raising in the morning, (C) rating the first use in the morning as the most important and (D) Stating that it would be very hard to give up entirely.
resultsSignificantly fewer coffee drinkers started use within 30 min of awakening compared with all other products. The first use of the day was found to be more important for snus users compared with other products. On HSI there was no difference between snus and cigarettes. Snus and cigarettes were rated as being more difficult to give up than NR and coffee.
conclusionDependence to traditional cigarettes and snus seem to be relatively similar while NR was rated lower and coffee lowest. Since the prevalence of caffeine use in all forms is so much more prevalent than nicotine there might be more persons in the society heavily dependent on caffeine. IMPLICATION: Tobacco products are likely more dependence forming than NR products and coffee although there might be more people dependent on caffeine. The addiction to coffee or caffeine is seldom discussed in the society probably because of the little or no harm it causes.
fundingThe Snus Commission in Sweden (snuskommissionen) funded the data collection. No funding used for the analysis and writing of manuscript.
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