ArticleGenome biology and evolution2018
Conotoxin Diversity in Chelyconus ermineus (Born, 1778) and the Convergent Origin of Piscivory in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Cones.
Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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29 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative analysis of venom genes in the chromosome-level genomes of two closely related cone snails.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Profiling the Paralytic Effects and Lethality of Cone Snail Venom Toxins Using Nanofractionation Analytics withToxins · 2025Article
- Diversity and Novelty of Venom Peptides in Vermivorous Cone Snails, SubgenusMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Beyond venomous fangs: Uloboridae spiders have lost their venom but not their toxicity.BMC biology · 2025Article
- The Biological Role of Conoporins, Actinoporin-like Pore-Forming Toxins from Cone Snails.Toxins · 2025Review
- Redistribution of Ancestral Functions Underlies the Evolution of Venom Production in Marine Predatory Snails.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
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- Redox-Active Conopeptide Li520 Has Evolved to Catalyze Oxidative Folding of Conotoxins.ACS omega · 2024Article
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- Predatory and Defensive Strategies in Cone Snails.Toxins · 2024Review
- DeTox: a pipeline for the detection of toxins in venomous organisms.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Collaborative Expression: Transcriptomics of Conus virgo Suggests Contribution of Multiple Secretory Glands to Venom Production.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- Cone snail species off the Brazilian coast and their venoms: a review and update.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2023Review
- Vexitoxins: conotoxin-like venom peptides from predatory gastropods of the genusProceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Comparative Venomics of the Cryptic Cone Snail SpeciesMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Biomedical Potential of the Neglected Molluscivorous and VermivorousMarine drugs · 2022Review
- High-Throughput Prediction and Design of Novel Conopeptides for Biomedical Research and Development.Biodesign research · 2022Article
- Identification of Novel Conotoxin Precursors from the Cone SnailMarine drugs · 2021Article
- Article
- A phylogeny-aware approach reveals unexpected venom components in divergent lineages of cone snails.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The transcriptome of the venom duct of the Atlantic piscivorous cone species Chelyconus ermineus (Born, 1778) was determined. The venom repertoire of this species includes at least 378 conotoxin precursors, which could be ascribed to 33 known and 22 new (unassigned) protein superfamilies, respectively. Most abundant superfamilies were T, W, O1, M, O2, and Z, accounting for 57% of all detected diversity. A total of three individuals were sequenced showing considerable intraspecific variation: each individual had many exclusive conotoxin precursors, and only 20% of all inferred mature peptides were common to all individuals. Three different regions (distal, medium, and proximal with respect to the venom bulb) of the venom duct were analyzed independently. Diversity (in terms of number of distinct members) of conotoxin precursor superfamilies increased toward the distal region whereas transcripts detected toward the proximal region showed higher expression levels. Only the superfamilies A and I3 showed statistically significant differential expression across regions of the venom duct. Sequences belonging to the alpha (motor cabal) and kappa (lightning-strike cabal) subfamilies of the superfamily A were mainly detected in the proximal region of the venom duct. The mature peptides of the alpha subfamily had the α4/4 cysteine spacing pattern, which has been shown to selectively target muscle nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors, ultimately producing paralysis. This function is performed by mature peptides having a α3/5 cysteine spacing pattern in piscivorous cone species from the Indo-Pacific region, thereby supporting a convergent evolution of piscivory in cones.
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