ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Immune Responses to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus During the Acute and Convalescent Phases of Human Infection.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed.
- Type I interferon autoantibodies in hospitalized patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome and association with outcomes and treatment effect of interferon beta-1b in MIRACLE clinical trial.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Trial
- Heterogeneity of treatment effect of interferon-β1b and lopinavir-ritonavir in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome by cytokine levels.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Serum IP-10 and IL-7 levels are associated with disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019.Cytokine · 2021Trial
- Computationally designed multi-epitope vaccine construct targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein elicits robust immune responses in silico.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Study of Peripheral Blood T-Lymphocytes and Their Subpopulations in COVID-19 Patients.Biochemistry research international · 2025Article
- Identification of blood immunological biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pandemic in Poland.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Harnessing immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers as human-derived adjuvants for MERS-CoV vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Risk factors of severe conditions in hospitalized children with adenovirus infection and chest CT features.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Rise in broadly cross-reactive adaptive immunity against human β-coronaviruses in MERS-recovered patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Science advances · 2024Article
- Silent battles: immune responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- MERS-CoV Infection and Its Impact on the Expression of TSLP Cytokine and IgG Antibodies: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Article
- Adaptive immune system in severe COVID-19 patients in the first week of illness: A pilot study.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2023Article
- Enhanced antiviral immunity and dampened inflammation in llama lymph nodes upon MERS-CoV sensing: bridging innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in camelid reservoirs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Defending against SARS-CoV-2: The T cell perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The deciphering of the immune cells and marker signature in COVID-19 pathogenesis: An update.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Immune interventions in COVID-19: a matter of time?Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-Neutralising Antibodies of Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2022Article
- Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV Infections: A Comparative Review.International journal of preventive medicine · 2022Review
- Autophagy Modulators in Coronavirus Diseases: A Double Strike in Viral Burden and Inflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn understanding of immune responses against the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is important for the development of treatments and preventive measures. Here, we investigated the spectrum of immune responses occurring in patients with MERS during the early period of infection.
methodsWe obtained peripheral blood samples from 27 hospitalized patients recruited during the epidemic that occurred in 2015 in South Korea. Plasma cytokines/chemokines and antibodies were quantified. Virus-specific T cells were examined by intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with overlapping peptides spanning whole virus structural proteins.
resultsAt the acute phase of infection, elevated levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were detected in proportion to the severity of the disease. Distinctively high frequencies of MERS coronavirus-reactive CD8+ T cells were also observed in patients with severe/moderate illness, whereas antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses were minimally detected at this stage. At the convalescent phase, disease severity-dependent antibody responses emerged and antigen-reactive cells were identified in both T-cell subsets. These T cells belonged to the T-helper 1 or type 1 cytotoxic T cell subtypes. While CD8+ T cells responded preferentially to the viral S protein compared with E/M/N proteins, especially at the acute stage, slightly more CD4+ T cells recognized E/M/N proteins compared with S protein at the convalescent phase.
conclusionsOur findings show an association between the early CD8+ T-cell response and the severity of the infection, and also provide basic information that may help to prepare effective control strategies for MERS in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.