ReviewExpert review of vaccines2018
Combining vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors to prime, expand, and facilitate effective tumor immunotherapy.
Review in Expert review of vaccines, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combinations of treatments based on radiotherapy or radionuclides to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy: bridging human and veterinary medicine through one health.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- CpG 1018 augments mRNA vaccine-induced anti-tumor immunity by potentiating CD8+ T cell responses.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Cancer Vaccines in Genitourinary Malignancies: Current Advances and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- rWTC-MBTA Vaccine, Alone and Enhanced with Anti-PD1, Elicits Immune Responses against CNS and Peripheral B-Cell Lymphoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Innate-like T Cell Biology in the Tumor Microenvironment Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cells · 2026Review
- Risk factors for cutaneous immune-related adverse events: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Discovery of tumor antigens in renal cell carcinoma and prospects for clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors: Advances in Translational Research and Clinical Application.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- DNA Vaccines in the Post-mRNA Era: Engineering, Applications, and Emerging Innovations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- mRNA and DNA-Based Vaccines in Genitourinary Cancers: A New Frontier in Personalized Immunotherapy.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Combination Therapy Approaches to Enhance the Efficacy of ERV-Targeting Vaccines in Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Review
- Article
- Telomeres and telomerase in mesothelioma: Pathophysiology, biomarkers and emerging therapeutic strategies (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Advances in nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in Melanoma.Cancer treatment and research · 2025Review
- Tumor Vaccines for Malignant Melanoma: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.Oncology research · 2025Review
- The role of immunotherapy in targeting tumor microenvironment in genitourinary cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Autologous dendritic cells loaded with antigens from self-renewing autologous tumor cells as patient-specific therapeutic cancer vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMultiple immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that modulate immune cells in the periphery and the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been approved, as have the therapeutic cancer vaccines sipuleucel-T for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) for metastatic melanoma. These developments provide rationale for combining these modalities to improve response rates and durability of responses in a variety of cancers. Preclinical data have shown that vaccines can induce immune responses that turn a tumor from 'cold' to 'hot,' but vaccines do not appear to be highly active as monotherapy. AREAS COVERED: Here, we provide a review of the current state of vaccine and ICI combination studies. EXPERT COMMENTARY: Most combination trials are in early phases, but several are now in phase III. Vaccines that target antigens expressed exclusively on tumor cells, neoantigens, have the potential to induce robust antitumor responses. Several techniques for predicting which neoepitopes to target, based on tumor mutational profiling, are in various stages of development. To be successful, combination immunotherapy approaches must seek to prime the immune system, expand the immune response, and facilitate immune function within the TME.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.