ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2018
Oxybenzone Alters Mammary Gland Morphology in Mice Exposed During Pregnancy and Lactation.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental exposure to selected non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2025Pooled it
- Australian therapeutic sunscreens are multi-filter mixtures: Single-ingredient margin of safety assessment does not address cumulative exposure.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Effects of exposure to ethinyl estradiol during pregnancy and lactation on the postinvolution mammary gland.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Study on Hepatotoxicity of Benzophenone-3 at Environmental Concentration in Postpartum Mice.Toxics · 2025Article
- Review
- The Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Benzophenone-3 in Concentrations Ranging from 0.001 to 10 µM Does Not Affect the Human Decidualization Process in an In Vitro Setting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Adult withdrawal of long-term Benzophenone-3 treatment induces regression of mammary ductal branching in a diet-dependent manner.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2025Article
- Organic Sunscreens-Is Their Placenta Permeability the Only Issue Associated with Exposure During Pregnancy? In Silico Studies of Sunscreens' Placenta Permeability and Interactions with Selected Placental Enzymes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Use of Cosmetics in Pregnancy and Neurotoxicity: Can It Increase the Risk of Congenital Enteric Neuropathies?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Benzophenone-3 alters expression of genes encoding vascularization and epithelial-mesenchymal transition functions during Trp53-null mammary tumorigenesis.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2024Article
- Benzophenone-3 exposure alters composition of tumor infiltrating immune cells and increases lung seeding of 4T1 breast cancer cells.Advances in cancer biology - metastasis · 2023Article
- Developmental Exposure to DDT Disrupts Transcriptional Regulation of Postnatal Growth and Cell Renewal of Adrenal Medulla.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of oxybenzone and ocean acidification: new insight into vulnerable cellular processes in non-calcifying anthozoans.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Best practices to quantify the impact of reproductive toxicants on development, function, and diseases of the rodent mammary gland.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2022Review
- Toward a digital analysis of environmental impacts on rodent mammary gland density during critical developmental windows.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Towards a paradigm shift in environmental health decision-making: a case study of oxybenzone.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Review
- Exposure to Low Doses of Oxybenzone During Perinatal Development Alters Mammary Gland Stroma in Female Mice.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Article
- Exposure to Propylparaben During Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Long-Term Alterations to the Mammary Gland in Mice.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, altered ERα pathway-related methylation and expression, and mammary epithelial cell proliferation in offspring and grandoffspring adult mice.Environmental research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals are generally thought to have permanent "organizational" effects when exposures occur during development but not adulthood. Yet, an increasing number of studies have shown that pregnant females are disrupted by endocrine-disrupting chemical exposures, with some effects that are permanent. Here, we examined the long-term effects of exposure to oxybenzone, an estrogenic chemical found in sunscreen and personal care products, on the morphology of the mammary gland in mice exposed during pregnancy and lactation. Female mice were exposed to vehicle or 30, 212, or 3000 µg oxybenzone/kg/d, from pregnancy day 0 until weaning. A nulliparous group, receiving vehicle treatment, was also evaluated. Mammary glands were collected 5 weeks after involution for whole-mount, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. Exposure to 3000 µg oxybenzone/kg/d induced permanent changes to ductal density that was significantly different from both the nulliparous and vehicle groups. The two highest doses of oxybenzone similarly induced an intermediate phenotype for expression of progesterone receptor. A monotonic, dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation was also observed in the oxybenzone-treated females, becoming statistically significant at the highest dose. Finally, oxybenzone exposure induced an intermediate phenotype for Esr1 expression in all oxybenzone-treated groups. These data suggest that oxybenzone, at doses relevant to human exposures, produces long-lasting alterations to mammary gland morphology and function. Further studies are needed to determine if exposure to this chemical during pregnancy and lactation will interfere with the known protection that pregnancy provides against breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.