ArticleToxicology2018
Inhalation of iron-abundant gas metal arc welding-mild steel fume promotes lung tumors in mice.
Article in Toxicology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Altered manganese and iron biomarkers in welders: a multi-element biomonitoring study across blood, serum and urine.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Occupational and environmental iron exposure: a hidden risk factor in breast cancer etiology.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- A welder case with secondary haemochromatosis, which rarely accompanies pneumoconiosis.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- In vivo and in vitro toxicity of a stainless-steel aerosol generated during thermal spray coating.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- Indirect mediators of systemic health outcomes following nanoparticle inhalation exposure.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas-metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Assessment of particulate matter toxicity and physicochemistry at the Claim 28 uranium mine site in Blue Gap, AZ.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2021Article
- Two-stage 3-methylcholanthrene and butylated hydroxytoluene-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice.Methods in cell biology · 2021Article
- Tumorigenic response in lung tumor susceptible A/J mice after sub-chronic exposure to calcium chromate or iron (III) oxide.Toxicology letters · 2020Article
- Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neoplastic-Like Cell TransformationChemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- Influence of welding fume metal composition on lung toxicity and tumor formation in experimental animal models.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2019Review
- Toxicological Antagonism among Welding Fume Metals: Inactivation of Soluble Cr(VI) by Iron.Chemical research in toxicology · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Welding fumes were reclassified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2017. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a process widely used in industry. Fume generated from GMAW-mild steel (MS) is abundant in iron with some manganese, while GMAW-stainless steel (SS) fume also contains significant amounts of chromium and nickel, known carcinogenic metals. It has been shown that exposure to GMAW-SS fume in A/J mice promotes lung tumors. The objective was to determine if GMAW-MS fume, which lacks known carcinogenic metals, also promotes lung tumors in mice. Male A/J mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of corn oil or the initiator 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA; 10 μg/g) and, one week later, were exposed by whole-body inhalation to GMAW-MS aerosols for 4 hours/day x 4 days/week x 8 weeks at a mean concentration of 34.5 mg/m
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.