ReviewMolecular cancer2018
Deciphering mechanisms of brain metastasis in melanoma - the gist of the matter.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways in melanoma brain metastasis.Annals of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Current and emerging strategies for the management of brain and leptomeningeal metastases in melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of hypofractionated radiotherapy for melanoma brain metastases: a retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Impaired migration and lung invasion of human melanoma by a novel small molecule targeting the transmembrane domain of death receptor p75EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Molecular Underpinnings of Brain Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Progress in personalized immunotherapy for patients with brain metastasis.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Repurposing neuroleptics: clozapine as a novel, adjuvant therapy for melanoma brain metastases.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Blood-Brain Barrier Paradox in Brain Metastasis Development and Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Melanoma in Peru: 1000 patients and 10 years of experience.PloS one · 2025Article
- MET receptor serves as a promising target in melanoma brain metastases.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- The Effect of Non-Overlapping Somatic Mutations inCancers · 2024Article
- Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Decoding the metastatic potential and optimal postoperative adjuvant therapy of melanoma based on metastasis score.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Current Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastases.Cancers · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Melanoma Cells Produce Large Vesicular-Bodies That Cause Rapid Disruption of Brain Endothelial Barrier-Integrity and Disassembly of Junctional Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Ozonated Water Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invasion and Metastasis by Regulating the HMGB1/NF-κB/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2023Article
- Decoding molecular programs in melanoma brain metastases.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Rethinking the chemokine cascade in brain metastasis: Preventive and therapeutic implications.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metastasis to distant organs and particularly the brain still represents the most serious obstacle in melanoma therapies. Melanoma cells acquire a phenotype to metastasize to the brain and successfully grow there through complex mechanisms determined by microenvironmental than rather genetic cues. There do appear to be some prerequisites, including the presence of oncogenic BRAF or NRAS mutations and a loss of PTEN. Further mediators of the brain metastatic phenotype appear to be the high activation of the PI3K/AKT or STAT3 pathway or high levels of PLEKHA5 and MMP2 in metastatic cells. A yet undefined subset of brain metastases exhibit a high level of expression of CD271 that is associated with stemness, migration and survival. Hence, CD271 expression may determine specific properties of brain metastatic melanoma cells. Environmental cues - in particular those provided by brain parenchymal cells such as astrocytes - seem to help specifically guide melanoma cells that express CCR4 or CD271, potential "homing receptors". Upon entering the brain, these cells interact with brain parenchyma cells and are thereby reprogrammed to adopt a neurological phenotype. Several lines of evidence suggest that current therapies may have a negative effect by activating a program that drives tumor cells toward stemness and metastasis. Yet significant improvements have expanded the therapeutic options for treating brain metastases from melanoma, by combining potent BRAF inhibitors such as dabrafenib with checkpoint inhibitors or stereotactic surgery. Further progress toward developing new therapeutic strategies will require a more profound understanding of the mechanisms that underlie brain metastasis in melanoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.