ArticleThe Journal of urology2019
Toileting Behaviors of Women-What is Healthy?
Article in The Journal of urology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pelvic Floor Knowledge, Toileting Behaviors, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women with Multiple Sclerosis.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Expert Consensus on Developing the Components of a Home-Based Rehabilitation Program for Managing Urinary Incontinence Among Jordanian Women Aged 55 Years and Older: A Modified e-Delphi Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- A mixed-methods scoping review on bladder self-care practices in women with and without lower urinary tract symptoms.Continence (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Toileting and Bladder Health in the Gig Economy.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2025Article
- Sitting vs. squatting: a scoping review of toilet postures and associated health outcomes.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Associations Between U.S. Women's Toileting Behaviors and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of RISE for HEALTH Study Data.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2025Article
- The many facets of perceived bladder health in women: Absence of symptoms and presence of healthy behaviors across the life course.Continence (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Examination of the relationship between toilet behaviors and recurrent urinary system infection in women.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Impact of Lifestyle on Urinary Incontinence Severity among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in East China.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Unlocking the Role of Social Norms: How They Shape Women's Public Toilet Usage in India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Toileting Behaviors and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Cross-sectional Study of Diverse Women in the United States.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2021Article
- Real-time daily assessment of work interference on healthcare professionals' restroom use: A pilot study.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2021Article
- Optimal Span between Feet of Public Squat Toilet Based on Anthropometric Data and Squatting Stability Assessment.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Women's Perceptions of Public Restrooms and the Relationships with Toileting Behaviors and Bladder Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study.The Journal of urology · 2020Article
- Factors associated with urinary incontinence in a community sample of young nulligravid women.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2020Article
- Toileting behaviors and factors associated with urinary incontinence in college-aged female students in China.International urogynecology journal · 2020Article
- Why Do Women Not Use the Bathroom? Women's Attitudes and Beliefs on Using Public Restrooms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Women With Overactive Bladder Exhibit More Unhealthy Toileting Behaviors: A Cross-sectional Study.Urology · 2019Article
- Toileting Behaviors and Bladder Symptoms in Women Who Limit Restroom Use at Work: A Cross-Sectional Study.The Journal of urology · 2019Article
- Toileting Behaviors Related to Urination in Women: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this study was to assess toileting behaviors in community dwelling women. MATERIALS AND
methodsWomen 18 years old or older were recruited through a national registry of research volunteers. They were asked to complete validated questionnaires assessing urinary symptoms and toileting behaviors, specifically place preference for voiding, convenience voiding, delayed voiding, straining during voiding and position preference for voiding. The PPBC (patient perception of bladder condition) was administered to assess the participant impression of bladder health. Analyses were done to determine the prevalence of each toileting behavior reported to occur sometimes or more often as well as differences in toileting behaviors in women with vs without self-perceived bladder problems based on the PPBC response.
resultsThe 6,695 women who completed the questionnaires were 18 to 89 years old (mean ± SD age 41.4 ± 15). Of the women 79.9% identified as white and 71.0% were college educated. Of the women 6,613 (98.8%) reported a place preference for voiding. The 3,552 women (53.1%) who reported a bladder problem were more likely to report convenience voiding, delayed voiding and strained voiding behaviors. While 6,657 women (99.4%) reported sitting to void at home only 5,108 (76.2%) reported sitting when using public toilets.
conclusionsCertain toileting behaviors, of which some may be considered unhealthy, were common in this sample of women and most were associated with a perception of bladder problems. Voiding positions other than sitting were frequently used when away from home. These data have important implications for defining bladder health and implementing behavior based interventions for women with lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.