ArticlePloS one2018
Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Semi-automated motor hotspot search (SAMHS): a framework toward an optimised approach for motor hotspot identification.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- TMS Motor Mapping Methodology and Reliability: A Structured Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMost humans have the ability to activate the auricular muscles. Although (intentional) control suggests an involvement of higher cortical centers underlying posterior auricular muscle (PAM) activation, the cortical representation of the auricular muscles is still unknown.
methodsWith the purpose of identifying a possible cortical representation area we performed automated robotic and image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping (n = 8) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 13). For topographical comparison, a similar experimental protocol was applied for the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) of the hand.
resultsThe calculated centers of gravity (COGs) of both muscles were located on the precentral gyrus with the PAM COGs located more laterally compared to the FDI. The distance between the mean PAM and mean FDI COG was 26.3 mm. The TMS mapping results were confirmed by fMRI, which showed a dominance of cortical activation within the precentral gyrus during the corresponding motor tasks. The correspondence of TMS and fMRI results was high.
conclusionThe involvement of the primary motor cortex in PAM activation might point to an evolved function of the auricular muscles in humans and/or the ability of intentional (and selective) muscle activation.
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