ArticleJournal of neurotrauma2019
Delayed and Abbreviated Environmental Enrichment after Brain Trauma Promotes Motor and Cognitive Recovery That Is Not Contingent on Increased Neurogenesis.
Article in Journal of neurotrauma, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Supportive enriched environment improves recovery from persistent motor and cognitive impairments after severe traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Pre-operative environmental enrichment does not yield a prophylactic effect against traumatic brain injury-induced neurobehavioral deficits.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Delayed-and-abbreviated environmental enrichment after traumatic brain injury confers neurobehavioral benefits similar to immediate-and-continuous exposure.Brain research · 2025Article
- The evolving pathophysiology of TBI and the advantages of temporally-guided combination therapies.Neurochemistry international · 2024Review
- Behavioral Interventions Can Improve Brain Injury-Induced Deficits in Behavioral Flexibility and Impulsivity Linked to Impaired Reward-Feedback Beta Oscillations.Journal of neurotrauma · 2024Article
- Enriched Environment Inhibits Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes via JAK2-STAT3 to Promote Glutamatergic Synaptogenesis and Cognitive Improvement in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rats.Neurotoxicity research · 2024Article
- A bibliometric analysis of studies on environmental enrichment spanning 1967-2024: patterns and trends over the years.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Enriched environment may improve secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury by regulating the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2024Article
- Adult Neurogenesis, Learning and Memory.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Effect of environmental enrichment and isolation on behavioral and histological indices following focal ischemia in old rats.GeroScience · 2022Article
- A combined therapeutic regimen of citalopram and environmental enrichment ameliorates attentional set-shifting performance after brain trauma.European journal of pharmacology · 2021Article
- Preclinical neurorehabilitation with environmental enrichment confers cognitive and histological benefits in a model of pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- Intranasally Administered L-Myc-Immortalized Human Neural Stem Cells Migrate to Primary and Distal Sites of Damage after Cortical Impact and Enhance Spatial Learning.Stem cells international · 2021Article
- Early life stress increases vulnerability to the sequelae of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.Experimental neurology · 2020Article
- Intermittent Administration of Haloperidol after Cortical Impact Injury Neither Impedes Spontaneous Recovery Nor Attenuates the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Article
- Aripiprazole and environmental enrichment independently improve functional outcome after cortical impact injury in adult male rats, but their combination does not yield additional benefits.Experimental neurology · 2019Article
- The Social Component of Environmental Enrichment Is a Pro-neurogenic Stimulus in Adult c57BL6 Female Mice.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) confers motor and cognitive recovery in pre-clinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and neurogenesis has been attributed to mediating the benefits. Whether that ascription is correct has not been fully investigated. Hence, the goal of the current study is to further clarify the possible role of learning-induced hippocampal neurogenesis on functional recovery after cortical impact or sham injury by utilizing two EE paradigms (i.e., early + continuous, initiated immediately after TBI and presented 24 h/day; and delayed + abbreviated, initiated 4 days after TBI for 6 h/day) and comparing them to one another as well as to standard (STD) housed controls. Motor and cognitive performance was assessed on post-operative Days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively, for the STD and early + continuous EE groups and on Days 4-8 and 17-22, for the delayed + abbreviated EE groups. Rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 500 mg/ kg; intraperitoneally) for 3 days (12 h apart) before cognitive training and sacrificed 1 week later for quantification of BrdU+ and doublecortin (DCX+) labeled cells. Both early + continuous and delayed + abbreviated EE promoted motor and cognitive recovery after TBI, relative to STD (p < 0.05), and did not differ from one another (p > 0.05). However, only early + continuous EE increased DCX+ cells beyond the level of STD-housed controls (p < 0.05). No effect of EE on non-injured controls was observed. Based on these data, two novel conclusions emerged. First, EE does not need to be provided early and continuously after TBI to confer benefits, which lends credence to the delayed + abbreviated EE paradigm as a relevant pre-clinical model of neurorehabilitation. Second, the functional recovery observed after TBI in the delayed + abbreviated EE paradigm is not contingent on increased hippocampal neurogenesis. Future studies will elucidate alternate viable mechanisms mediating the benefits induced by EE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.