ArticleApplied health economics and health policy2018
Costs in the Treatment of Schizophrenia in Adults Receiving Atypical Antipsychotics: An 11-Year Cohort in Brazil.
Article in Applied health economics and health policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discrimination of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Patients Based on LC-HRMS Lipidomics.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Models for Predicting Antipsychotic Effectiveness and Separate Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Hospitalized Schizophrenia Patients.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Plasma and Serum LC-MS Lipidomic Fingerprints of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Real-World Effectiveness, Economic, and Humanistic Outcomes of Selected Oral Antipsychotics in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review Evaluating Global Evidence.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2024Review
- Comparing the medication costs of treating patients with schizophrenia who use cannabis with those who do not.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2024Article
- Use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia in the Brazilian National Health System: a cohort study, 2008-2017.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2023Article
- NMR Metabolomics in Serum Fingerprinting of Schizophrenia Patients in a Serbian Cohort.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Trends in Brazilian market of antidepressants: A five-year dataset analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Data Sources for Drug Utilization Research in Brazil-DUR-BRA Study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Switching Between Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: 10-Year Cohort Study in Brazil.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- A Nationwide Study of Prevalence Rates and Characteristics of 199 Chronic Conditions in Denmark.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2020Article
- Funding and Service Organization to Achieve Universal Health Coverage for Medicines: An Economic Evaluation of the Best Investment and Service Organization for the Brazilian Scenario.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Economics of Acromegaly Treatment in Brazil: A Budget Impact Analysis of Pituitary Surgery Compared with Long-Term Octreotide LAR.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2019Article
- Barriers for Access to New Medicines: Searching for the Balance Between Rising Costs and Limited Budgets.Frontiers in public health · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia is associated with significant economic burden. In Brazil, antipsychotic drugs and outpatient and hospital services are provided by the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) for patients with schizophrenia. However, few studies capture the cost of managing these patients within the Brazilian NHS. This is important to appraise different management approaches within universal healthcare systems.
objectiveOur objective was to use real-world data to describe the costs associated with the treatment of schizophrenia in adults receiving atypical antipsychotics in Brazil from 2000 to 2010.
methodsWe integrated three national databases for adult patients with schizophrenia receiving one or more atypical antipsychotics. We assessed only direct medical costs and the study was conducted from a public-payer perspective. A multivariate log-linear regression model was performed to evaluate associations between costs and clinical and demographic variables.
resultsWe identified 174,310 patients with schizophrenia, with mean ± standard deviation (SD) annual costs of $US1811.92 ± 284.39 per patient. Atypical antipsychotics accounted for 79.7% of total costs, with a mean annual cost per patient of $US1578.74 ± 240.40. Mean annual costs per patient were $US2482.90 ± 302.92 for psychiatric hospitalization and $US862.96 ± 160.18 for outpatient psychiatric care. Olanzapine was used by 47.7% of patients and represented 62.8% of the total costs of atypical antipsychotics. Patients who used clozapine had the highest mean annual cost per patient for outpatient psychiatric care and psychiatric hospitalization.
conclusionsAtypical antipsychotics were responsible for the majority of the schizophrenia treatment costs, and psychiatric hospitalization costs were the highest mean annual cost per patient. Authorities should ensure efficient use of atypical antipsychotics and encourage outpatient psychiatric care over psychiatric hospitalization where possible.
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