ArticleThe EMBO journal2018
Mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation enables mtDNA release during apoptosis.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 326 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
326 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 508 citations in OpenAlex.
- The molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy and their complex association with cancer drug resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The role of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA as a mitochondrial danger signal for stromal fibroblasts in forming the tumor-promoting microenvironment following radiation exposure.Journal of radiation research · 2026Review
- From mitochondria to innate immunity: The mtDNA-driven cGAS/STING-NLRP3 cascade and its therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative diseases (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Basophil Extracellular Traps in Immunity and Disease.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Mitochondrial Quality Control Links Exercise to Sterile Inflammation in the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Leptin attenuates heat stress-induced mitoxyperilysis in porcine Sertoli cells by suppressing the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Herpes simplex virus 1 subverts the mitochondrial network to support the infection: A lesson on mitochondrial versatility.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Role of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 in neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic potential.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Mitochondria as the Hub of Apoptosis: A Comprehensive Insight From Mitochondria to Interactions With Other Organelles.MedComm · 2026Review
- Caspase-3 cleaves CYLD to restrict interferon signaling during mitochondrial apoptosis.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Advances in paclitaxel-mediated remodeling of the gastric cancer immune microenvironment and sensitization to immune checkpoint inhibitors via cGAS-STING pathway activation triggered by mtDNA release: challenges and translational perspectives.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Simulated Microgravity Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence via the Activation of Cytosolic mtDNA-cGAS-STING Axis.Journal of cellular physiology · 2026Article
- The second mitochondrial activator of caspases (SMAC) regulates growth, inflammation and mitochondrial integrity in cancer cells.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming and Skin Immune Homeostasis: From Basic Mechanisms to Therapeutic Perspectives.Immune network · 2026Review
- The MIRO1-BAX Complex Dictates Life and Death at the Mitochondrial Gate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spotlight on cGAS-STING: role in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Oxidative stress-mediated DNA fragmentation involved in STING-dependent apoptosis in human keratinocytes by 5-amino-2-methylphenol under ambient UVB exposure.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Autoinflammatory syndromes of STING and TREX1 dysfunction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Aspartate deficiency amplifies cGAS-STING signaling in antitumor immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
266 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
During apoptosis, pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK are activated, causing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP), caspase activation and cell death. However, even in the absence of caspase activity, cells usually die following MOMP Such caspase-independent cell death is accompanied by inflammation that requires mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activation of cGAS-STING signalling. Because the mitochondrial inner membrane is thought to remain intact during apoptosis, we sought to address how matrix mtDNA could activate the cytosolic cGAS-STING signalling pathway. Using super-resolution imaging, we show that mtDNA is efficiently released from mitochondria following MOMP In a temporal manner, we find that following MOMP, BAX/BAK-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane pores gradually widen. This allows extrusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane into the cytosol whereupon it permeablises allowing mtDNA release. Our data demonstrate that mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation (MIMP) can occur during cell death following BAX/BAK-dependent MOMP Importantly, by enabling the cytosolic release of mtDNA, inner membrane permeabilisation underpins the immunogenic effects of caspase-independent cell death.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.