ArticlePloS one2018
StartReact effects in first dorsal interosseous muscle are absent in a pinch task, but present when combined with elbow flexion.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- What Is the StartReact Effect?Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Motor planning, initiation and execution of shoulder abduction against gravity: Evidence from startReact.PloS one · 2026Article
- Mapping reticulospinal drive across various muscles of the upper and lower extremities.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Reticulospinal modulation of muscle activation and electromechanical coupling: evidence from the StartReact paradigm.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- An intense electrical stimulus can elicit a StartReact effect but with decreased incidence and later onset of the startle reflex.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- The benefit of knowledge: postural response modulation by foreknowledge of equilibrium perturbation in an upper limb task.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Startle-triggered responses indicate reticulospinal drive is larger for voluntary shoulder versus finger movements.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- StartReact increases the probability of muscle activity and distance in severe/moderate stroke survivors during two-dimensional reaching task.Experimental brain research · 2020Article
- Impaired posture, movement preparation, and execution during both paretic and nonparetic reaching following stroke.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo provide a neurophysiological tool for assessing sensorimotor pathways, which may differ for those involving distal muscles in simple tasks from those involving distal muscles in a kinetic chain task, or proximal muscles in both.
methodsWe compared latencies and magnitudes of motor responses in a reaction time paradigm in a proximal (biceps brachii, BB) and a distal (first dorsal interosseous, FDI) muscle following electrical stimuli used as imperative signal (IS) delivered to the index finger. These stimuli were applied during different motor tasks: simple tasks involving either one muscle, e.g. flexing the elbow for BB (FLEX), or pinching a pen for FDI (PINCH); combined tasks engaging both muscles by pinching and flexing simultaneously (PINCH-FLEX). Stimuli were of varying intensity and occasionally elicited a startle response, and a StartReact effect.
resultsIn BB, response latencies decreased gradually and response amplitudes increased progressively with increasing IS intensities for non-startling trials, while for trials containing startle responses, latencies were uniformly shortened and response amplitudes similarly augmented across all IS intensities in both FLEX and PINCH-FLEX. In FDI, response latencies decreased gradually and response amplitudes increased progressively with increasing IS intensities in both PINCH and PINCH-FLEX for non-startling trials, but, unlike in BB for the simple task, in PINCH for trials containing startle responses as well. In PINCH-FLEX, FDI latencies were uniformly shortened and amplitudes similarly increased across all stimulus intensities whenever startle signs were present.
conclusionsOur results suggest the presence of different sensorimotor pathways supporting a dissociation between simple tasks that involve distal upper limb muscles (FDI in PINCH) from simple tasks involving proximal muscles (BB in FLEX), and combined tasks that engage both muscles (FDI and BB in PINCH-FLEX), all in accordance with differential importance in the control of movements by cortical and subcortical structures. SIGNIFICANCE: Simple assessment tools may provide useful information regarding the differential involvement of sensorimotor pathways in the control of both simple and combined tasks that engage proximal and distal muscles.
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