ArticlePloS one2018
The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiological risk factors of hepatitis C infection in district Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh: A case- control study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Article
- Expanding single-venue services to better engage young people who inject drugs: insights from India.Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- Seroprevalence with epidemiological determinants of hepatitis C virus and Treponema pallidum infection in blood donors of a teaching hospital in southwest Punjab, India: A 5-year study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Progress toward hepatitis C elimination in Punjab, India.Clinical liver disease · 2023Article
- Article
- Epidemiological correlates of hepatitis C infection- A case control analysis from a tertiary care hospital.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Analysis of the association between areal socioeconomic deprivation levels and viral hepatitis B and C infections in Japanese municipalities.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic features associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in pregnant females: A tertiary care centre study from Malwa region of Punjab (North India).Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of facility-based screening and treatment of hepatitis C in Punjab state of India.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Initial success from a public health approach to hepatitis C testing, treatment and cure in seven countries: the road to elimination.BMJ global health · 2020Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Therapeutic Use of Safety-Engineered Syringes in Healthcare Facilities in India.Applied health economics and health policy · 2020Article
- Diverse HCV Strains And HIV URFS Identified Amongst People Who Inject Drugs In India.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Population network structures, graph theory, algorithms to match subgraphs may lead to better clustering of households and communities in epidemiological studies.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Population network structures, graph theory, algorithms to match subgraphs may lead to better clustering of households and communities in epidemiological studies: a response.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Clustering of hepatitis C virus antibody positivity within households and communities in Punjab, India.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Hepatitis C elimination: a Public Health Perspective.Current treatment options in gastroenterology · 2019Review
- Article
- Who to Screen for Hepatitis C: That is the Question.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatologyArticle
- Hepatitis B Prevalence and Risk Factors in Punjab, India: A Population-Based Serosurvey.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence is believed to be elevated in Punjab, India; however, state-wide prevalence data are not available. An understanding of HCV prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution can be used to plan control measures in Punjab.
methodsA cross-sectional, state-wide, population-based serosurvey using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design was conducted October 2013 to April 2014. Children aged ≥5 years and adults were eligible to participate. Demographic and risk behavior data were collected, and serologic specimens were obtained and tested for anti-HCV antibody, HCV Ribonucleic acid (RNA) on anti-HCV positive samples, and HCV genotype. Prevalence estimates and adjusted odds ratios for risk factors were calculated from weighted data and stratified by urban/rural residence.
results5,543 individuals participated in the study with an overall weighted anti-HCV prevalence of 3.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.0%-4.2%) and chronic infection (HCV Ribonucleic acid test positive) of 2.6% (95% CI: 2.0%-3.1%). Anti-HCV was associated with being male (adjusted odds ratio 1.52; 95% CI: 1.08-2.14), living in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio 2.53; 95% CI: 1.62-3.95) and was most strongly associated with those aged 40-49 (adjusted odds ratio 40-49 vs. 19-29-year-olds 3.41; 95% CI: 1.90-6.11). Anti-HCV prevalence increased with each blood transfusion received (adjusted odds ratio 1.36; 95% CI: 1.10-1.68) and decreased with increasing education, (adjusted odds ratio 0.37 for graduate-level vs. primary school/no education; 95% CI: 0.16-0.82). Genotype 3 (58%) was most common among infected individuals. DISCUSSION: The study findings, including the overall prevalence of chronic HCV infection, associated risk factors and demographic characteristics, and genotype distribution can guide prevention and control efforts, including treatment provision. In addition to high-risk populations, efforts targeting rural areas and adults aged ≥40 would be the most effective for identifying infected individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.