Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30047361›Full record

ReviewThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2018

Typhoid Fever: Way Forward.

Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Michelle F Gaffey, John A Crump, Duncan Steele, Robert F Breiman, Eric D Mintz, Robert E Black, Stephen P Luby, Myron M Levine

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Microorganisms · 2026
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  19. Bacterial AB toxins and host-microbe interactions.Advances in microbial physiology · 2022
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zulfiqar A BhuttaCentre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Michelle F GaffeyCentre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
John A CrumpCentre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Duncan SteeleEnteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington.
Robert F BreimanEmory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Eric D MintzNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Robert E BlackJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Stephen P LubyCentre for Innovation in Global Health, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Myron M LevineGlobal Health, Vaccinology and Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Tackling Typhoid supplement shows that typhoid fever continues to be a problem globally despite socioeconomic gains in certain settings. Morbidity remains high in many endemic countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In addition, antimicrobial resistance is a growing issue that poses a challenge for clinical management. The findings from this supplement revealed that outside of high-income countries, there were few reliable population-based estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever derived from surveillance systems. This indicates the need for monitoring systems that can also characterize the effectiveness of interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. The country case studies indicated that gains in economic conditions, education, and environmental health may be associated with reductions in typhoid fever burden. Over the study period, the effect is mainly notable in countries with higher baseline levels of economic development, female literacy, and investments in public sanitation. High burden countries must continue to invest in strategies at the local level to address environmental factors such as access to safe drinking water and improved public sanitation that are known to interrupt transmission or diminish the risk of acquiring typhoid. Developing more effective vaccines and incorporating appropriate immunization strategies that target populations with the greatest risk could potentially alleviate disease burden.

Indexed as

Africa South of the SaharaAnti-Bacterial AgentsAsia, SoutheasternAsia, WesternChileFood SafetyGlobal HealthHumansParatyphoid FeverPublic HealthSanitationTyphoid FeverAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID30047361
PMCPMC6128357

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.