ArticleDocumenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology2018
Effect of varying skin surface electrode position on electroretinogram responses recorded using a handheld stimulating and recording system.
Article in Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated quantification of RETeval™ sensor electrode position from infrared eye images: a preliminary technical report.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of ERGs recorded with two types of skin electrodes.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The Mydriasis-Free Handheld ERG Device and Its Utility in Clinical Practice: A Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Synthetic electroretinogram signal generation using a conditional generative adversarial network.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- DTL versus skin electrodes in recording of multifocal pattern electroretinogram and multifocal photopic negative response.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Measuring differences in the ERG in myopia using the RETeval device with skin electrodes.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Spectral Analysis of Light-Adapted Electroretinograms in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Classification with Machine Learning.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Novel electroretinography devices to detect hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: study protocol for a diagnostic accuracy and feasibility study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Electroretinographic Evaluations of Eyes With Endophthalmitis.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Potentiality of Evaluating Flash Electroretinography with a Montage of Skin Electrodes Connecting the Inner Canthus to the Ear in Younger Children: A Pilot Study.Yonago acta medica · 2024Article
- Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Analysis of skin and corneal fiber electrodes for electroretinogram assessments in patients with major depressive disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Generating Synthetic Light-Adapted Electroretinogram Waveforms Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Classification of Retinal Conditions in Under-Represented Populations.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Full-field electroretinogram recorded with skin electrodes in 6- to 12-year-old children.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Visual electrophysiology and "the potential of the potentials".Eye (London, England) · 2023Review
- Evaluation of correlation between Diopsys® NOVA™ fixed-luminance flicker ERG and Diagnosys® Espion 2™ flicker ERG parameters.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Comparison of DTL and gold cup skin electrodes for recordings of the multifocal electroretinogram.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Structural and functional retinal alterations in patients with paranoid schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Electrophysiological Assessment in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Flicker Electroretinograms Recorded With a Handheld Device.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Discrete Wavelet Transform Analysis of the Electroretinogram in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeA handheld device (the RETeval system, LKC Technologies) aims to increase the ease of electroretinogram (ERG) recording by using specially designed skin electrodes, rather than corneal electrodes. We explored effects of electrode position on response parameters recorded using this device.
methodsHealthy adult twins were recruited from the TwinsUK cohort and underwent recording of light-adapted flicker ERGs (corresponding to international standard stimuli). In Group 1, skin electrodes were placed in a "comfortable" position, which was up to 20 mm below the lid margin. For subsequent participants (Group 2), the electrode was positioned 2 mm from the lid margin as recommended by the manufacturer. Amplitudes and peak times (averaged from both eyes) were compared between groups after age-matching and inclusion of only one twin per pair. Light-adapted flicker and flash ERGs were recorded for an additional 10 healthy subjects in two consecutive recording sessions: in the test eye, electrode position was varied from 2 to 10-20 mm below the lid margin between sessions; in the fellow (control) eye, the electrode was 2 mm below the lid margin throughout. Amplitudes and peak times (test eye normalised to control eye) were compared for the two sessions.
resultsIncluding one twin per pair, and age-matching yielded 28 individuals per group. Flicker ERG amplitudes were significantly lower for Group 1 than Group 2 participants (p = 0.0024). However, mean peak times did not differ between groups (p = 0.54). For the subjects in whom electrode position was changed between recording sessions, flash and flicker amplitudes were significantly lower when positioned further from the lid margin (p < 0.005), but peak times were similar (p > 0.5).
conclusionsMoving the skin electrodes further from the lid margin significantly reduces response amplitudes, highlighting the importance of consistent electrode positioning. However, this does not significantly affect peak times. Thus, it may be feasible to adopt a more comfortable position in participants who cannot tolerate the recommended position if analysis is restricted to peak time parameters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.