ReviewThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale2018
The Risk Factors of Acquiring Severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Meta-Analysis.
Review in The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Risk prediction of encephalitis in hand, foot and mouth disease: a nomogram model based on platelet indices for resource-limited settings.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Temperature-based spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hand, foot, and mouth disease transmission in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreaks before and during availability of EV-A71 vaccine in China's mainland: analysis of outbreak surveillance data from 2011 to 2023.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease by virus serotype: A prospective hospital-based cohort study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Factors related to the mortality risk of severe hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMD): a 5-year hospital-based survey in Guangxi, Southern China.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Explanation of hand, foot, and mouth disease cases in Japan using Google Trends before and during the COVID-19: infodemiology study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Prototypes virus of hand, foot and mouth disease infections and severe cases in Gansu, China: a spatial and temporal analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Overview in Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Using Real-World Evidence Based on Hospital Information System.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2022Review
- Association of Clinical Severity With Family Affluence-Based Socioeconomic Status Among Hospitalized Pediatric Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Patients in Henan, China: A Single Hospital-Based Case Series Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Development and Validation of Diagnostic Models for Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Children.Disease markers · 2021Article
- Association of CD14 rs2569190 G/A genetic polymorphism with the severity of enterovirus 71 infection in Chinese children.Virology · 2020Article
- Patient Delay in Hospital Visiting and the Weekend Effect of Surveillance Report on Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Epidemic Parotitis in Hanzhong City, China.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2020Article
- Transmission and serotype features of hand foot mouth disease in household contacts in Dong Thap, Vietnam.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Enterovirus-Associated Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease and Neurological Complications in Japan and the Rest of the World.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Necrotising fasciitis complicating hand, foot and mouth disease.BMJ case reports · 2019Review
- Article
- A CASE REPORT OF HAND AND FOOT SKIN CHANGES RESEMBLING PTU-INDUCED VASCULITIS IN A YOUNG MALE WITH DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITRE.Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe incidence of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is not low, especially in mainland China in almost every year recently. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to generate large-scale evidence on the risk factors of severe HFMD to provide suggestions on prevention and controlling.
methodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang (Chinese) were searched to identify relevant articles. All analyses were performed using Stata 14.0.
resultsWe conducted a meta-analysis of 11 separate studies. Fever (odds ratio (OR) 7.396, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.565-15.342), fever for more than 3 days (OR 5.773, 95% CI 4.199-7.939), vomiting (OR 6.023, 95% CI 2.598-13.963), limb trembling (OR 42.348, 95% CI 11.765-152.437), dyspnea (OR 12.869, 95% CI 1.948-85.017), contact with HFMD children (OR 5.326, 95% CI 1.263-22.466), rashes on the hips (OR 1.650, 95% CI 1.303-2.090), pathologic reflexes (OR 3057.064, 95% CI 494.409-19000), Lethargy (OR 31.791, 95% CI 3.369-300.020), convulsions (OR 23.652, 95% CI 1.973-283.592), and EV71 infection (OR 9.056, 95% CI 4.102-19.996) were significantly related to the risk of severe HFMD. We did not find an association between female sex (OR 0.918, 95% CI 0.738-1.142), scatter-lived children (OR 1.347, 95% CI 0.245-7.397), floating population (OR 0.847, 95% CI 0.202-3.549), rash on the hands (OR 0.740, 95% CI 0.292-1.874), rash on the foot (OR 0.905, 95% CI 0.645-1.272), the level of the clinic visited first (below the country level) (OR 5.276, 95% CI 0.781-35.630), breast feeding (OR 0.523, 95% CI 0.167-1.643), and the risk of severe HFMD.
conclusionsFever, fever for more than 3 days, vomiting, limb trembling, dyspnea, contact with HFMD children, rashes on the hips, pathologic reflexes, lethargy, convulsions, and EV71 infection are risk factors for severe HFMD.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.