ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2018
Prevalence of Granulomas in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders, United States: Data From National Health Care Claims and the US Immunodeficiency Network Registry.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Current infectious disease management challenges in inborn errors of immunity.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Review
- Uncovering hidden immune defects in childhood granulomatous disorders: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sarcoidosis versus Granulomatous and Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Comparative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Unmasking inborn errors of immunity: identifying the red flags of immune dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cutaneous granulomas associated with rubella virus: A clinical review.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2024Review
- Differential Diagnosis: Hepatic Complications in Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Rubella virus-associated necrotizing neutrophilic granuloma in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency.Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2023Article
- Granulomatous inflammation in inborn errors of immunity.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- High Inborn Errors of Immunity Risk in Patients with Granuloma.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Rubella Virus-Associated Granulomas in Immunocompetent Adults-Possible Implications.JAMA dermatology · 2022Article
- Drug Sensitivity of Vaccine-Derived Rubella Viruses and Quasispecies Evolution in Granulomatous Lesions of Two Ataxia-Telangiectasia Patients Treated with Nitazoxanide.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Living with primary immunodeficiency disease during the Covid-19 pandemic.Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health · 2022Article
- Case report: Persistent shedding of a live vaccine-derived rubella virus in a young man with severe combined immunodeficiency and cutaneous granuloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Infection Phenotypes Among Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiency Mined from a US Patient Registry.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Rubella Virus Infected Macrophages and Neutrophils Define Patterns of Granulomatous Inflammation in Inborn and Acquired Errors of Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Rubella virus-associated chronic inflammation in primary immunodeficiency diseases.Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology · 2020Review
- T-cell lymphoma with a granulomatous lesion of the lungs after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a unique rare case of metachronous B-cell and T-cell lymphoma.Diagnostic pathology · 2020Article
- The Importance of Primary Immune Deficiency Registries: The United States Immunodeficiency Network Registry.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2020Review
- Optimising immunisation in children with 22q11 microdeletion.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeGranulomas are a potentially severe condition that can last for several years in persons with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD). We assessed the prevalence of granulomas in patients with PIDD.
methodsWe used the Truven Health MarketScan® 2005-2015 Commercial Claims and Encounters and 2006-2015 Medicaid databases and the US Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) PIDD registry (a program of the Immune Deficiency Foundation). Our study population consisted of persons age < 65 years with PIDD, defined as persons with ≥ 2 claims with a diagnostic code for PIDD in MarketScan databases, or patients enrolled in USIDNET. Granulomas were identified using diagnostic codes in MarketScan or provider report in USIDNET. We calculated annual prevalence of PIDD and of granulomas among PIDD patients.
resultsWe identified 247,474 and 40,395 persons with PIDD among commercially and Medicaid-insured persons, respectively. PIDD prevalence was 6.0/10,000 in 2005 and 11.7/10,000 in 2015 among commercially insured persons and 5.5/10,000 in 2006 and 9.6/10,000 in 2015 among Medicaid-insured persons. The prevalence of granulomas among PIDD patients was 1.2 and 1.5% among commercially and Medicaid-insured persons, respectively. In USIDNET, prevalence of granulomas was 4.4% (177/4021). The proportion with granulomas was similar across age groups in MarketScan, but varied from 2 to 9% in USIDNET. The reported prevalence of granulomas differed depending on PIDD condition: 1-2% in the MarketScan data and 0-13% in USIDNET.
conclusionGranuloma prevalence in PIDD patients was 1-4%. Our study provides an estimate of the proportion of PIDD patients and suggests that granulomas are an uncommon occurrence among patients with PIDD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.