ArticleJournal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia2018
Hyaluronic acid based low viscosity hydrogel as a novel carrier for Convection Enhanced Delivery of CAR T cells.
Article in Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody therapies in glioblastoma: Overcoming micro-environmental barriers.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Hydrogels in the Immune Context: In Vivo Applications for Modulating Immune Responses in Cancer Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advances in integrating biomaterials with CAR-T cells for enhancing solid tumor therapy.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2025Article
- Hydrogels as advanced drug delivery platforms for cancer immunotherapy: promising innovations and future outlook.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Comparison of the effects of hydrogel and normal saline as carriers of MSC on fracture healing in a rat long bone fracture model.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Delivery of Immune Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Article
- Breaking barriers: enhancing CAR-armored T cell therapy for solid tumors through microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From spheroids to organoids: next-generation models for CAR-T cell therapy research in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Nanostructured Biomaterials in 3D Tumor Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Regenerative Medicine and Immunotherapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Current Advancements in Anti-Cancer Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Immunotherapy and How Nanotechnology May Change the Game.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cancer Immunotherapy Using Bioengineered Micro/Nano Structured Hydrogels.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Review
- Peptide Hydrogels as Immunomaterials and Their Use in Cancer Immunotherapy Delivery.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Review
- Applications and current challenges of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in treating high-grade gliomas in adult and pediatric populations.Immunotherapy · 2023Review
- T cell-responsive macroporous hydrogels for in situ T cell expansion and enhanced antitumor efficacy.Biomaterials · 2023Article
- Self-Healing Injectable Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
- Biomaterials for enhanced immunotherapy.APL bioengineering · 2022Review
- Hydrogels as functional components in artificial cell systems.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2022Review
- Convection-Enhanced Delivery in Children: Techniques and Applications.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Convection Enhanced Delivery (CED) infuses therapeutic agents directly into the intracranial area continuously under pressure. The convection improves the distribution of therapeutics such as those aimed at brain tumors. Although CED successfully delivers small therapeutic agents, this technique fails to effectively deliver cells largely due to cell sedimentation during delivery. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a low viscosity hydrogel (LVHydrogel), which is capable of retaining cells in suspension. In this study, we evaluated whether LVHydrogel can effectively act as a carrier for the CED of tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CAR T cells were resuspended in saline or LVHydrogel carriers, loaded into syringes, and passed through the CED system for 5 h. CAR T cells submitted to CED were counted and the efficiency of delivery was determined. In addition to delivery, the ability of CAR T cells to migrate and induce cytotoxicity was evaluated. Our studies demonstrate that LVHydrogel is a superior carrier for CED in comparison to saline. The efficiency of cell delivery in saline carrier was only ∼3-5% of the total cells whereas delivery by the LVHydrogel carrier was much higher, reaching ∼45-75%. Migration and Cytotoxicity was similar in both carriers in non-infused samples but we found superior cytotoxicity in LVHydrogel group post-infusion. We demonstrate that LVHydrogel, a biodegradable biomaterial which does not cause acute toxicity on preclinical animal models, prevents cellular sedimentation during CED and presents itself as a superior carrier to the current carrier, saline, for the CED of CAR T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.