Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30041624›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2018

Association of participation in a supplemental nutrition program with stillbirth by race, ethnicity, and maternal characteristics.

Meghan Angley, Vanessa R Thorsten, Carolyn Drews-Botsch, Donald J Dudley, Robert L Goldenberg, Robert M Silver, Barbara J Stoll, Halit Pinar, Carol J R Hogue

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Interventions to Address Disparities in Perinatal Outcomes by Ethnicity: A Systematic Review.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Maternal Outcomes of WIC Recipients Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Meghan AngleyDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. mangley@emory.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-8786
Vanessa R ThorstenBiostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North, Carolina, USA.
Carolyn Drews-BotschDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Donald J DudleyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Robert L GoldenbergDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Robert M SilverDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Barbara J StollMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Halit PinarThe Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Carol J R HogueDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Emory University · USBrown University · USColumbia University Irving Medical Center · USRTI International · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · USUniversity of Utah · USUniversity of Virginia · US

Funding

Stillbirth NetworkU01HD045954 · NICHD · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI PARKER, CORETTE BREEDEN · 2003 to 2009
$8.4M
Research on the Scope and Causes of Stillbirth in the USU10HD045944 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI SILVER, ROBERT M. · 2003 to 2009
$2.7M
San Antonio Center for the Study of StillbirthU10HD045955 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI DUDLEY, DONALD J · 2003 to 2009
$2.4M
Research on the Scope and Causes of Stillbirth in the USU10HD045925 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI HOGUE, CAROL · 2003 to 2009
$2.3M
RESEARCH ON SCOPE &CAUSES OF STILLBIRTH IN THE USU10HD045953 · NICHD · WOMEN AND INFANTS HOSPITAL-RHODE ISLAND · PI COUSTAN, DONALD R · 2003 to 2009
$2.3M
Scope and Causes of StillbirthU10HD045952 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BR GALVESTON · PI SAADE, GEORGE R. · 2003 to 2009
$1.9M
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U10-HD045925 (Emory University)Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U10-HD045952 (University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston)Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U10-HD045953 (Brown University)Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U10-HD045954 (RTI International)Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U10-HD045955 (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio)Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development UK10-HD045944 (University of Utah Health Sciences Center)NICHD NIH HHS U01 HD045954NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD045925NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD045944NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD045952NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD045953NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD045955
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundParticipation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) has been associated with lower risk of stillbirth. We hypothesized that such an association would differ by race/ethnicity because of factors associated with WIC participation that confound the association.

methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network's population-based case-control study of stillbirths and live-born controls, enrolled at delivery between March 2006 and September 2008. Weighting accounted for study design and differential consent. Five nested models using multivariable logistic regression examined whether the WIC participation/stillbirth associations were attenuated after sequential adjustment for sociodemographic, health, healthcare, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Models also included an interaction term for race/ethnicity x WIC.

resultsIn the final model, WIC participation was associated with lower adjusted odds (aOR) of stillbirth among non-Hispanic Black women (aOR: 0.34; 95% CI 0.16, 0.72) but not among non-Hispanic White (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.89, 3.20) or Hispanic women (aOR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.52, 1.52).

conclusionsContrary to our hypotheses, control for potential confounding factors did not explain disparate findings by race/ethnicity. Rather, WIC may be most beneficial to women with the greatest risk factors for stillbirth. WIC-eligible, higher-risk women who do not participate may be missing the potential health associated benefits afforded by WIC.

Indexed as

Pregnant PeopleAdultDietary SupplementsEthnicityFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansLive BirthNutritional SupportPatient ParticipationPregnancyPrenatal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaProgram EvaluationRisk AssessmentRisk Reduction BehaviorSocioeconomic FactorsRacial disparitiesStillbirthWIC

Identifiers

PMID30041624
PMCPMC6056947
OpenAlexW2884255358

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.