ArticlePloS one2018
Brain is a potential sanctuary for subtype C HIV-1 irrespective of ART treatment outcome.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Tools to Quantify and Characterize the Persistent Reservoir in People with HIV-1: Focus on Non-B Subtypes.Viruses · 2026Review
- High-Sensitivity In Situ Hybridization DNAscope for Detection of Papillomavirus or Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes Combined with Immunofluorescent Staining in Adherent Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- T cell-mediated SIV dissemination into the CNS: a single-cell transcriptomic analysis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessing HIV-1 subtype C infection dynamics, therapeutic responses and reservoir distribution using a humanized mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Neurosymptomatic HIV-1 CSF escape is associated with replication in CNS T cells and inflammation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- The challenges to detect, quantify, and characterize viral reservoirs in the current antiretroviral era.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Characterization of HIV variants from paired Cerebrospinal fluid and Plasma samples in primary microglia and CD4Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- In situ analysis of neuronal injury and neuroinflammation during HIV-1 infection.Retrovirology · 2024Article
- Limited HIV-associated neuropathologies and lack of immune activation in sub-saharan African individuals with late-stage subtype C HIV-1 infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Cannabis Use Associates With Reduced Proviral Burden and Inflammatory Cytokine in Tissues From Men With Clade C HIV-1 on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Myeloid Reservoirs - Contributors to Viral Persistence and Pathogenesis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Humanized Mice for Studies of HIV-1 Persistence and Elimination.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Monocyte-derived macrophages contain persistent latent HIV reservoirs.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- HIV infection of non-classical cells in the brain.Retrovirology · 2023Review
- Systematic post-mortem analysis of brain tissue from an HIV-1 subtype C viremic decedent revealed a paucity of infection and pathology.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Antibody epitope profiling of the KSHV LANA protein using VirScan.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Shock and kill within the CNS: A promising HIV eradication approach?Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Animal models for studies of HIV-1 brain reservoirs.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Subtype C HIV-1 is responsible for the largest proportion of people living with HIV-1 infection. However, there is limited information about the roles of the brain and its cell types as a potential sanctuary for this subtype and how the sanctuary may be affected by the administration of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). To address this issue, we collected postmortem brain tissues from ART treated HIV-1 infected Zambian individuals who experienced complete viral suppression and those who did not. Tissues from various brain compartments were collected from each individual as frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded brain specimens, for detection and quantification of HIV-1 genomes and identification of the infected cell type. Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from frozen brain tissues. The extracted DNA and RNA were then subjected to droplet digital PCR for HIV-1 quantification. RNA/DNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) for HIV-1 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded brain tissues in conjugation with immunohistochemistry to identify the infected cell types. Droplet digital PCR revealed that HIV-1 gag DNA and RNA were detectable in half of the cases studied regardless of ART success or failure. The presence of HIV-1 lacked specific tissue compartmentalization since detection was random among various brain tissues. When combined with immunohistochemistry, RNA/DNAscope ISH demonstrated co-localization of HIV-1 DNA with CD68 expressing cells indicative of microglia or peripheral macrophage. Our study showed that brain is a potential sanctuary for subtype C HIV-1, as HIV-1 can be detected in the brain of infected individuals irrespective of ART treatment outcome and no compartmentalization of HIV-1 to specific brain compartments was evident.
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Registered trials
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