ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2018
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase prevalence and virulence factor characterization of enterotoxigenic
Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fecal sludge and adjacent drinking water as reservoirs of multidrug resistant ESBL-producing pathogenic Escherichia coli in Rohingya Camps, Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli lineage 2 (CS2 + CS3) by long-read sequencing reveals distinct lineage-specific genome organization.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emerging multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive enterotoxigenicOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Construction of the ETECFinder database for the characterization of enterotoxigenicJournal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant DiarrheagenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains among diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli-prospective traveller study with literature review.Journal of travel medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Genomic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of EnterotoxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Multidrug-Resistant Lineage of EnterotoxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Despite Predominance of Uropathogenic/Extraintestinal Pathotypes Among Travel-acquired Extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, the Most Commonly Associated Clinical Manifestation Is Travelers' Diarrhea.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infections.Current infectious disease reports · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial species are an increasingly dangerous public health threat, and are now endemic in many areas of South Asia. However, there are a lack of comprehensive data from many countries in this region determining historic and current MDR prevalence. Enterotoxigenic Methods: A total of 265 ETEC isolates were obtained from acute diarrheal samples (263/265) or patient control samples (2/265) at traveler's clinics or regional hospitals in Nepal from 2001 to 2016. Isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance, to include extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, via the Microscan Automated Microbiology System. ETEC virulence factors, specifically enterotoxins and colonization factors (CFs), were detected using multiplex PCR, and prevalence in the total isolate population was compared to ESBL-positive isolates. ESBL-positive isolates were assessed using multiplex PCR for genetic markers potentially responsible for observed resistance. Results: A total of 118/265 (44.5%) ETEC isolates demonstrated resistance to ≥2 antibiotics. ESBL-positive phenotypes were detected in 40/265 isolates, with isolates from 2008, 2013, 2014, and 2016 demonstrating ESBL prevalence rates of 1.5, 34.5, 31.2, and 35.0% respectively. No difference was observed in overall enterotoxin characterization between the total ETEC and ESBL-positive populations. The CFs CS2 (13.6%), CS3 (25.3%), CS6 (30.2%), and CS21 (62.6%) were the most prevalent in the total ETEC population. The ESBL-positive ETEC isolates exhibited a higher association trend with the CFs CS2 (37.5%), CS3 (35%), CS6 (42.5%), and CS21 (67.5%). The primary ESBL gene identified was Conclusion: Over 30% of ETEC isolates collected post-2013 and evaluated in this study demonstrated ESBL resistance. Persistent surveillance and characterization of enteric ETEC isolates are vital for tracking the community presence of MDR bacterial species in order to recommend effective treatment strategies and help mitigate the spread of resistant pathogens.
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