SynthesisScientific reports2018
Pneumococcal Disease and the Effectiveness of the PPV23 Vaccine in Adults: A Two-Stage Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Observational and RCT Reports.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Serotype distribution of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in adults ≥65 years of age following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infant national immunization programs: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease among children with and those without HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness and return on investment of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use among adults in England: analysis from the societal perspective.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Aging and vaccines: impact of immunosenescence and inflammaging in vaccine response.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Article
- A narrative review on the effectiveness of PPSV23 vaccination in adults in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Strategies for pneumococcal vaccination in older adults in the coming era.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Mortality reduction with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Review
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Epidemiology and Serotype Replacement After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Ontario, Canada, 2007-2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Argentinean Adults.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among adults in a Norwegian setting.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Article
- Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: A Narrative Review of Considerations for Individualized Decision-Making.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Article
- Estimating population-based incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and acute otitis media in children and adults in Ontario and British Columbia using health administrative data, 2005-2018: a Canadian Immunisation Research Network (CIRN) study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2022Article
- Incidence and Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalizations for All-Cause Pneumonia Among Older US Adults Who Were Vaccinated and Not Vaccinated With 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Patterns and factors associated with pneumococcal vaccination in a prospective cohort of 1,697 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- PCR and Culture Analysis ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Insights Into the Effects of Mucosal Epithelial and Innate Immune Dysfunction in Older People on Host Interactions WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Decision-making for PCV in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The efficacy of PPV-23 vaccine on outcomes of pneumococcal disease in adults still remains controversial due mainly to the lack of consistency between the results obtained from observational studies(OSs) and those obtained from randomized controlled trials(RCTs). As a consequence, the complexity in the structure of evidence available, in turn, generates a challenge for combining disparate pieces of evidence quantitatively. In this regard, we used a hierarchical Bayesian inference-based evidence synthesis of RCTs and observational data using a two-stage approach (in addition to a traditional random-effects meta-analysis) to examine the effectiveness of PPV-23 in adults. To this end, 21 studies were included involving 826109 adult participants. By a two-stage Bayesian meta-analysis, which was directly used for combining studies of different designs, the overall log OR (95% credible interval) for IPDs was -0.1048 (-0.3920,-0.0250), indicating a significant protective effect of the vaccination against IPDs. No significant effect of PPV-23 was found on all-cause pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, and death from pneumonia, which confirmed the results obtained by a traditional method followed by stratified and sensitivity analyses. The estimated overall log OR (95% credible interval) was -0.0002 (-0.0241,0.0142), -0.0002 (-0.0110,0.0122), and -6.3912 × 10
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.