ArticleScientific reports2018
Increased Cathepsin S activity associated with decreased protease inhibitory capacity contributes to altered tear proteins in Sjögren's Syndrome patients.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review).International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study on the effects of a cathepsin S inhibitor in primary Sjögren's syndrome.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Trial
- Pathological mechanisms of Sjögren's disease-related dry eye: from multiglandular dysfunction to ocular surface inflammation.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptomic profiling identifies lacrimal-gland-epithelial cell-driven mechanisms underlying autoimmunity in Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of AAV8-aflibercept in treating choroidal neovascularization via single-cell RNA sequencing.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Spatial transcriptomic profiling identifies lacrimal gland epithelial cell-driven mechanisms underlying autoimmunity in Sjögren's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The ocular surface tear film as a biomarker for systemic health.The ocular surface · 2025Review
- Changes in conjunctival mononuclear phagocytes and suppressive activity of regulatory macrophages in desiccation induced dry eye.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- A Review of the Tear Film Biomarkers Used to Diagnose Sjogren's Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Inhibition of Cathepsin S in Autoimmune CD25KO Mouse Improves Sjögren Disease-Like Lacrimal Gland Pathology.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Structural Modifications of Covalent Cathepsin S Inhibitors: Impact on Affinity, Selectivity, and Permeability.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2024Article
- Rational design of humanized antibody inhibitors for cathepsin S.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- Serum and tear autoantibodies from NOD and NOR mice as potential diagnostic indicators of local and systemic inflammation in Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Potential Utility of Salivary and Tear Proteomics to Discriminate Sjögren's Disease from Non-Sjögren's Sicca.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The miRNA Landscape of Lacrimal Glands in a Murine Model of Autoimmune Dacryoadenitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Proteases and Their Potential Role as Biomarkers and Drug Targets in Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA: Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Cathepsin S is a novel target for age-related dry eye.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- Tear miRNAs Identified in a Murine Model of Sjögren's Syndrome as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers and Indicators of Disease Mechanism.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Transgenic dry eye mouse models: powerful tools to study dry eye disease.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CTSS) activity is elevated in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) patient tears. Here we tested whether protease inhibition and cystatin C (Cys C) levels are reduced in SS tears, which could lead to enhanced CTSS-driven degradation of tear proteins. CTSS activity against Cys C, LF and sIgA was tested in SS or healthy control tears. Tears from 156 female subjects (33, SS; 33, rheumatoid arthritis; 31, other autoimmune diseases; 35, non-autoimmune dry eye (DE); 24, healthy controls) were analyzed for CTSS activity and Cys C, LF, and sIgA levels. Cys C and LF showed enhanced degradation in SS tears supplemented with recombinant CTSS, but not supplemented healthy control tears. CTSS activity was significantly increased, while Cys C, LF and sIgA levels were significantly decreased, in SS tears compared to other groups. While tear CTSS activity remained the strongest discriminator of SS in autoimmune populations, combining LF and CTSS improved discrimination of SS beyond CTSS in DE patients. Reductions in Cys C and other endogenous proteases may enhance CTSS activity in SS tears. Tear CTSS activity is reconfirmed as a putative biomarker of SS in an independent patient cohort while combined LF and CTSS measurements may distinguish SS from DE patients.
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Registered trials
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