ArticleNature microbiology2018
The type VI secretion system deploys antifungal effectors against microbial competitors.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coordination of quorum sensing with T3SS and T6SS: Bacterial strategies for combating fungal pathogens.Virulence · 2026Review
- A bacterial-killing type IV secretion system as a hidden antifungal device.Science advances · 2026Article
- Bacterial-fungal interactions: connections and consequences.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence protein Hcp2a induces incomplete autophagy in chicken HD11 cells.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Specific and broad-spectrum antibacterial effectors of type VI secretion system drive competition ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Tvp complexes support formation of the VgrG-PAAR spike during Type VI secretion system assembly.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Gene-in-gene coding generates dual-isoform Fha condensates to control type VI secretion system assembly.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Neisseria subflava Type 6 Secretion System competition with bacterial and fungal species.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Pan-genome insights into type VI secretion systems and their functional repertoires inmSystems · 2026Article
- Structural basis of iron piracy by human gutProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Review
- A farnesol-sensing triad inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Review
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes an Fe (II)-binding effector to evade calprotectin-mediated nutritional immunity.Stress biology · 2026Article
- The type VI secretion system and associated effector proteins.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Type VI secretion system degeneration accelerates intestinal epithelial cell death in Escherichia coli O157:H7.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Bacterial metabolites induce cell wall remodeling, antifungal resistance, and immune recognition of commensal fungi.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Regulated cell death in fungi from a comparative immunology perspective.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Type VI secretion system effectors as modulators of host immunometabolism: organelle stress, nutritional immunity, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interactions between bacterial and fungal cells shape many polymicrobial communities. Bacteria elaborate diverse strategies to interact and compete with other organisms, including the deployment of protein secretion systems. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) delivers toxic effector proteins into host eukaryotic cells and competitor bacterial cells, but, surprisingly, T6SS-delivered effectors targeting fungal cells have not been reported. Here we show that the 'antibacterial' T6SS of Serratia marcescens can act against fungal cells, including pathogenic Candida species, and identify the previously undescribed effector proteins responsible. These antifungal effectors, Tfe1 and Tfe2, have distinct impacts on the target cell, but both can ultimately cause fungal cell death. 'In competition' proteomics analysis revealed that T6SS-mediated delivery of Tfe2 disrupts nutrient uptake and amino acid metabolism in fungal cells, and leads to the induction of autophagy. Intoxication by Tfe1, in contrast, causes a loss of plasma membrane potential. Our findings extend the repertoire of the T6SS and suggest that antifungal T6SSs represent widespread and important determinants of the outcome of bacterial-fungal interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.