Trial reportPloS one2018
Contraceptive rings promote vaginal lactobacilli in a high bacterial vaginosis prevalence population: A randomised, open-label longitudinal study in Rwandan women.
Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04887636 (Baseline Study of Vaginal Microbiota in Healthy Chinses Female Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Baseline Study of Vaginal Microbiota in Healthy Chinses Female Population
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Exogenous Sex Steroids on the Vaginal Microbiota: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- Genital microbiota of women using a 90 day tenofovir or tenofovir and levonorgestrel intravaginal ring in a placebo controlled randomized safety trial in Kenya.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Healthy Women Using a 90-Day Tenofovir/Levonorgestrel Vaginal Ring.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Influence of dapivirine vaginal ring use on cervicovaginal immunity and functional microbiome in adolescent girls.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Trial
- Hormonal contraception alters vaginal microbiota and cytokines in South African adolescents in a randomized trial.Nature communications · 2020Trial
- An exploratory pilot study evaluating the supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with probiotic lactobacilli in south African women with bacterial vaginosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Microbiome and chronic pelvic pain in women: a mini-review.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Shaping the Female Microbiome: A Review of Lifestyle Factors Influencing the Vaginal, Gut, Oral, and Skin Microenvironments.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- Immunosuppression as an associated risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions: a comparative study of cytology, HPV, and histopathology.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Use of an Ethinyl Estradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring Alters Vaginal Microbial Communities in Women With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological Consequences Associated with Hormonal Contraceptives Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.Open access journal of contraception · 2025Review
- Linking antibiotic resistance genes in the vaginal microbiota to health-related behaviors and antibiotic awareness in reproductive-age women: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- High adherence to intermittent and continuous use of a contraceptive vaginal ring among women in a randomized controlled trial in Kigali, Rwanda.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Contraceptive effects on the cervicovaginal microbiome: Recent evidence including randomized trials.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2023Review
- Preferred product attributes of a multipurpose vaginal ring: Findings from a phase 1 trial.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Bacterial biofilm formation on vaginal ring pessaries used for pelvic organ prolapse.International urogynecology journal · 2022Observational
- The impact of contraceptives on the vaginal microbiome in the non-pregnant state.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2022Review
- Gut and vaginal microbiomes on steroids: implications for women's health.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2021Review
- Connecting the Dots: Translating the Vaginal Microbiome Into a Drug.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Protection and Risk: Male and Female Genital Microbiota and Sexually Transmitted Infections.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHormonal contraception has been associated with a reduced risk of vaginal dysbiosis, which in turn has been associated with reduced prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Vaginal rings are used or developed as delivery systems for contraceptive hormones and antimicrobial drugs for STI and HIV prevention or treatment. We hypothesized that a contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) containing oestrogen enhances a lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbial community despite biomass accumulation on the CVR's surface.
methodsWe enrolled 120 women for 12 weeks in an open-label NuvaRing® study at Rinda Ubuzima, Kigali, Rwanda. Vaginal and ring microbiota were assessed at baseline and each ring removal visit by Gram stain Nugent scoring (vaginal only), quantitative PCR for Lactobacillus species, Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae, and fluorescent in situ hybridization to visualize cell-adherent bacteria. Ring biomass was measured by crystal violet staining.
resultsBacterial vaginosis (BV) prevalence was 48% at baseline. The mean Nugent score decreased significantly with ring use. The presence and mean log10 concentrations of Lactobacillus species in vaginal secretions increased significantly whereas those of G. vaginalis and presence of A. vaginae decreased significantly. Biomass accumulated on the CVRs with a species composition mirroring the vaginal microbiota. This ring biomass composition and optical density after crystal violet staining did not change significantly over time.
conclusionsNuvaRing® promoted lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbial communities in a population with high baseline BV prevalence despite the fact that biomass accumulated on the rings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.