Observational studyJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2018
Brief Report: Reduced Use of Illicit Substances, Even Without Abstinence, Is Associated With Improved Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV.
Observational study in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term, bidirectional associations between depressive symptom severity and opioid use among people with HIV: A prospective cohort study.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Depressive Symptom Severity on Stroke Risk in a US Cohort of People with HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Severity and Number of Substances Used are Independently Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Over Time among People with HIV in the Current Treatment Era.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Observational Research on Cannabis Use for Symptom Management in HIV and Cancer: Implications for Cannabis Nursing.Journal of clinical nursing · 2025Article
- Alcohol and drug use severity are independently associated with antiretroviral adherence in the current treatment era.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Depressive Symptoms, the Impact on ART Continuation, and Factors Associated with Symptom Improvement Among a Cohort of People Living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Psychodynamic Therapies for the Treatment of Substance Addictions: A PRISMA Meta-Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the Use of Antimicrobial Therapy for Treating Diabetic Foot Infections in an Indonesia Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Racial, ethnic, and age disparities in the association of mental health symptoms and polysubstance use among persons in HIV care.PloS one · 2023Article
- Patterns of reduced use and abstinence in multi-site randomized controlled trials of pharmacotherapies for cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Reduction and Cessation of Alcohol, Cannabis, and Stimulant Use: Prospective Associations With Changes in Depressive Symptoms Across Two Cohort Studies of Sexual and Gender Minorities.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2020Article
- Impact of Abstinence and of Reducing Illicit Drug Use Without Abstinence on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Load.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Depressive symptoms and substance use: Changes overtime among a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Implementing electronic substance use disorder and depression and anxiety screening and behavioral interventions in primary care clinics serving people with HIV: Protocol for the Promoting Access to Care Engagement (PACE) trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSubstance use is linked with poor outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH) and is associated with mental health disorders. This analysis examines the impact of decreasing substance use, even without abstinence, on depressive symptoms among PLWH.
methodsData are from PLWH enrolled in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Sites cohort. Participants completed longitudinal assessments of substance use (modified ASSIST) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Changes in substance use frequency were categorized as abstinence, reduced use, and nondecreasing use. Adjusted linear mixed models with time-updated change in substance use frequency and depressive symptom scores were used to examine associations between changes in the use of individual substances and depressive symptoms. Analyses were repeated using joint longitudinal survival models to examine associations with a high (PHQ-9 ≥10) score.
resultsAmong 9905 PLWH, 728 used cocaine/crack, 1016 used amphetamine-type substances (ATS), 290 used illicit opiates, and 3277 used marijuana at baseline. Changes in ATS use were associated with the greatest improvements in depressive symptoms: stopping ATS led to a mean decrease of PHQ-9 by 2.2 points (95% CI: 1.8 to 2.7) and a 61% lower odds of PHQ-9 score ≥10 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.52), and decreasing ATS use led to a mean decrease of 1.7 points (95% CI: 1.2 to 2.3) and a 62% lower odds of PHQ-9 score ≥10 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.56). Stopping and reducing marijuana and stopping cocaine/crack use were also associated with improvement in depressive symptoms.
conclusionsWe demonstrated that both substance use reduction and abstinence are associated with improvements in depressive symptoms over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.