ArticleFrontiers in immunology2018
Potential Chronotherapeutic Optimization of Antimalarials in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression Dependent on the Circadian Cycle in Humans?
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular pneumolysin enhances the activation of cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor NOD2 through its pore-forming activity.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- sTLR9 on maternal Circulating immune cells as a negative regulatory phenotype during pregnancy.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Oxidized Mitochondrial DNA Engages TLR9 to Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Myelodysplastic Syndromes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Regional infusion of a class C TLR9 agonist enhances liver tumor microenvironment reprogramming and MDSC reduction to improve responsiveness to systemic checkpoint inhibition.Cancer gene therapy · 2022Article
- The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanisms underlying metaflammation and infections in obesity: A narrative review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Review
- Sleep Problems in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Prevalence, Treatment, and New Perspectives: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Autophagy as an emerging target for COVID-19: lessons from an old friend, chloroquine.Autophagy · 2020Article
- The mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis treatment: Inhibition of dendritic cell functions via Toll like receptor 9 signaling.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) belongs to the group of endosomal receptors of the innate immune system with the ability to recognize hypomethylated CpG sequences from DNA. There is scarce information about TLR9 expression and its association with the circadian cycle (CC). Different patterns of TLR9 expression are regulated by the CC in mice, with an elevated expression at Zeitgeber time 19 (1:00 a.m.); nevertheless, we still need to corroborate this in humans. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the inhibitory effect of chloroquine (CQ) on TLR9 is limited. TLR9 activation has been associated with the presence of some autoantibodies: anti-Sm/RNP, anti-histone, anti-Ro, anti-La, and anti-double-stranded DNA. Treatment with CQ for SLE has been proven to be useful, in part by interfering with HLA-antigen coupling and with TLR9 ligand recognition. Studies have shown that TLR9 inhibitors such as antimalarial drugs are able to mask TLR9-binding sites on nucleic acids. The data presented here provide the basic information that could be useful for other clinical researchers to design studies that will have an impact in achieving a chronotherapeutic effect by defining the ideal time for CQ administration in SLE patients, consequently reducing the pathological effects that follow the activation of TLR9.
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