ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2018
What would you choose: Online or Offline or Mixed services? Feasibility of online HIV counselling and testing among Thai men who have sex with men and transgender women and factors associated with service uptake.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRCARC)
Optimizing an mHealth Intervention to Improve Uptake and Adherence of the HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Vulnerable Adolescents and Emerging Adults
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analyses to Assess the Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Self-testing Distribution Strategies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Pooled it
- A Mobile Phone App to Support Adherence to Daily HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Engagement Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women Aged 15 to 19 Years in Thailand: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Trial
- High acceptability of HIV self-testing in a randomized trial among transgender women and men who have sex with men, Myanmar.AIDS care · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Facility-Level Associations Between Use of a Digital Health Platform for Voluntary Counseling and Testing and HIV Testing Outcomes in the Urban Primary Health Care Centers of Guangzhou, China: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Health Equity Analysis of Awareness and Use of GetCheckedOnline, British Columbia's Digital Intervention for Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infection Testing in 5 Urban, Suburban, and Rural Communities: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Empowering at-risk Thai adolescents and young adults: an observational study of "Stand By You" - a person-centred online service model for HIV self-screening, text-based counselling and linkage to care.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Observational
- Uses of Virtual Care in Primary Care: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Implementation of digital HIV services in Guangzhou's primary health-care system, China.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV self-testing in India: implementation and qualitative evaluation of a web-based programme with virtual counsellor support.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Article
- Differential uptake and effects of digital sexually transmitted and bloodborne infection testing interventions among equity-seeking groups: a scoping review.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Article
- A comparative study of transgender women accessing HIV testing via face-to-face and telemedicine services in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic and their risk of being HIV-positive.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Factors associated with testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bangkok, Thailand.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- Optimizing an mHealth Intervention to Improve Uptake and Adherence to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Young Transgender Women: Protocol for a Multi-Phase Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Acceptability of Telehealth for Gender-Affirming Care in Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth and Their Caregivers.Transgender health · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHIV testing coverage remains low among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). We studied characteristics of Thai MSM and TGW who chose online and/or offline platforms for HIV counselling and testing and the feasibility of integrating online technologies and HIV self-testing to create service options.
methodsFrom December 2015 to June 2017, MSM and TGW enrolled from Bangkok Metropolitan Region and Pattaya could choose between: offline HIV counselling and testing (Offline group), online pre-test counselling and offline HIV testing (Mixed group), and online counselling and online, supervised, HIV self-testing (Online group). Sociodemographic data, risk behaviour and social network use characteristics were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression models identified covariates for service preferences.
resultsOf 472 MSM and 99 TGW enrolled, 202 self-selected the Offline group, 158 preferred the Mixed group, and 211 chose the Online group. The Online group had the highest proportion of first-time testers (47.3% vs. 42.4% vs. 18.1%, p < 0.001) and reported highest HIV prevalence (15.9% vs. 13.0% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.001) as compared to Offline and Mixed groups, respectively. Having tested for HIV twice or more (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.03 to 6.41, p = 0.04) increased the likelihood to choose online pre-test counselling. Being TGW (OR 6.66, 95% CI 2.91 to 15.25, p < 0.001) and using social media from four to eight hours (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.48 to 5.37, p = 0.002) or >8 hours (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.16, p = 0.04) increased selection of online, supervised, HIV self-testing. Providers primarily used smartphones (79.2%) and laptops (37.5%) to deliver online services. Self-testing strip image sharpness and colour quality were rated "good" to "excellent" by all providers. Most participants (95.1%) agreed that online supervision and HIV self-testing guidance offered were satisfactory and well delivered.
conclusionsOnline HIV services among MSM and TGW are feasible in Thailand and have the potential to engage high proportions of first-time testers and those with high HIV prevalence. When designing public health interventions, integrating varied levels of online HIV services are vital to engage specific sections of MSM and TGW populations in HIV services. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT03203265.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.