ArticleCell2018
Anti-CRISPR Phages Cooperate to Overcome CRISPR-Cas Immunity.
Article in Cell, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 236 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting the life cycle of temperate phages.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- An expanded realm of anti-CRISPR-associated proteins and regulatory mechanisms.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Phage host range: determinants, dynamics and applications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-CRISPR function of AcrIIA13b protein.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- AcrIIA7 hijacks tracrRNA to block CRISPR-Cas system.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Engineered Bacteriophages: A Next-Generation Platform for Precision Antimicrobials and Therapeutics.Viruses · 2026Review
- Host life-history strategy is a critical determinant of virulent phage infection propensity.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Phage-plasmid-like elements are found throughout diverse environments and encode niche-specific functional traits.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Reprogramming resistance: phage-antibiotic synergy targets efflux systems in ESKAPEE pathogens.mBio · 2025Review
- Article
- Phage susceptibility to a minimal, modular synthetic CRISPR-Cas system inPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Factors affecting CRISPR-Cas defense against antibiotic resistance plasmids harboured byMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Global biogeography of airborne viruses in public transit systems and their host interactions.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Strengthening phage resistance of Streptococcus thermophilus by leveraging complementary defense systems.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Expression level of anti-phage defence systems controls a trade-off between protection range and autoimmunity.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Engineering stimuli-responsive CRISPR-Cas systems for versatile biosensing.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2025Review
- Applications of bacteriophages in precision engineering of the human gut microbiome.Engineering microbiology · 2025Review
- Engineering Phages to Fight Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Assessing the Role of Bacterial Innate and Adaptive Immunity as Barriers to Conjugative Plasmids.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Some phages encode anti-CRISPR (acr) genes, which antagonize bacterial CRISPR-Cas immune systems by binding components of its machinery, but it is less clear how deployment of these acr genes impacts phage replication and epidemiology. Here, we demonstrate that bacteria with CRISPR-Cas resistance are still partially immune to Acr-encoding phage. As a consequence, Acr-phages often need to cooperate in order to overcome CRISPR resistance, with a first phage blocking the host CRISPR-Cas immune system to allow a second Acr-phage to successfully replicate. This cooperation leads to epidemiological tipping points in which the initial density of Acr-phage tips the balance from phage extinction to a phage epidemic. Furthermore, both higher levels of CRISPR-Cas immunity and weaker Acr activities shift the tipping points toward higher initial phage densities. Collectively, these data help elucidate how interactions between phage-encoded immune suppressors and the CRISPR systems they target shape bacteria-phage population dynamics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.