ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2018
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Dietary Carotenoids.
Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Reflection Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Assessment in Children.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- The Effect of Dietary Supplementations on Delaying the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of studies examining associations between resonance Raman spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma carotenoids among adults and children.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary Intake and Circulating Concentrations of Carotenoids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Criterion-Related Validity of Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Measurements as a Proxy for Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Tomato-Soy Juice Reduces Inflammation and Modulates the Urinary Metabolome in Adults With Obesity.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Trial
- Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Skin carotenoids are inversely associated with adiposity in breast cancer survivors.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- The effect of β-carotene on the mortality of male smokers is modified by smoking and by vitamins C and E: evidence against a uniform effect of nutrient.Journal of nutritional science · 2020Trial
- Predictors of carotenoid status in New Zealand children using carotenoid reflection score: a cross-sectional study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Skin carotenoid scores are a valid approximation of fruit and vegetable intake among adults with obesity.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Examining Demographic Variables Associated with Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Skin Yellowness.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary and plasma carotenoids and risks of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Self-Reported Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Skin Carotenoid Score Status in a Geographically Diverse U.S. Sample.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Phytoene, a Precursor of Lycopene in Tomatoes, Protects Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Phytochemical-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Sarcopenia: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Narrative Review of Candidate Biomarkers of Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Review
- From Nutritional Profile to Circular Bioeconomy: A Review of Sea Buckthorn Oil and By-Product Valorization.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Reflection Spectroscopy Skin Carotenoids Correlate with Serum Carotenoids in School-Aged Children.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carotenoids are orange, yellow, and red lipophilic pigments present in many fruit and vegetables, as well as other food groups. Some carotenoids contribute to vitamin A requirements. The consumption and blood concentrations of specific carotenoids have been associated with reduced risks of a number of chronic conditions. However, the interpretation of large, population-based observational and prospective clinical trials is often complicated by the many extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the physiologic response to carotenoids. Extrinsic factors affecting carotenoid bioavailability include food-based factors, such as co-consumed lipid, food processing, and molecular structure, as well as environmental factors, such as interactions with prescription drugs, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Intrinsic, physiologic factors associated with blood and tissue carotenoid concentrations include age, body composition, hormonal fluctuations, and variation in genes associated with carotenoid absorption and metabolism. To most effectively investigate carotenoid bioactivity and to utilize blood or tissue carotenoid concentrations as biomarkers of intake, investigators should either experimentally or statistically control for confounding variables affecting the bioavailability, tissue distribution, and metabolism of carotene and xanthophyll species. Although much remains to be investigated, recent advances have highlighted that lipid co-consumption, baseline vitamin A status, smoking, body mass and body fat distribution, and genetics are relevant covariates for interpreting blood serum or plasma carotenoid responses. These and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors are discussed, highlighting remaining gaps in knowledge and opportunities for future research. To provide context, we review the state of knowledge with regard to the prominent health effects of carotenoids.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.