ArticleJACC. Cardiovascular imaging2019
Current Smoking and Prognosis After Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: New Pathophysiological Insights.
Article in JACC. Cardiovascular imaging, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02072850 (Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: New Pathological Insights and Their Functional and Clinical Significance in ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining the potential causal relationships among smoking behaviors, blood DNA methylation profiles, and the development of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Pooled it
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for early diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Smoking, alcohol and opioids effect on coronary microcirculation: an update overview.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance native TJournal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2020Pooled it
- Determinants and prognostic relevance of aortic stiffness in patients with recent ST-elevation myocardial infarction.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2022Trial
- Emerging Prognostic Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Beyond Traditional Risk Assessment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Smoking cessation after first STEMI enhances infarct healing: a cardiac MRI study.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2026Article
- Associations and prognostic implications of myocardial tissue injury stages in ST-elevation myocardial infarction using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and therapeutic innovations in myocardial infarction: a focus on mitochondrial dysfunction.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Microcirculatory resistance index based on a single angiographic view predicts long-term prognosis following rotational atherectomy in patients with acute coronary syndrome.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Iron Deficiency Is Associated With Impaired Myocardial Reperfusion in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Influence of the Definition Used.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Patterns among factors associated with myocardial infarction: chi-squared automatic interaction detection tree and binary logit model.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of smoking on procedural outcomes and all-cause mortality following acute myocardial infarction: A misleading early-stage pseudoparadox with ultimately reduced survival.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2024Article
- Smoking paradox in coronary function and structure of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Observational
- Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Hypertension: A Bond More Important than We Think.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Factors associated with complications in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a single-center experience.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Coronary No-Reflow after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Current Knowledge on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Clinical Impact and Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Clinical risk factors and outcomes of young patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: a retrospective study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- Detection of acute myocarditis by ECG-triggered PET imaging of somatostatin receptors compared to cardiac magnetic resonance: preliminary results.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to mechanistically investigate associations among cigarette smoking, microvascular pathology, and longer term health outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI).
backgroundThe pathophysiology of myocardial reperfusion injury and prognosis in smokers with acute ST-segment elevation MI is incompletely understood.
methodsPatients were prospectively enrolled during emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. Microvascular function in the culprit artery was measured invasively. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (1.5-T) was performed 2 days and 6 months post-MI. Infarct size and microvascular obstruction were assessed using late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Myocardial hemorrhage was assessed with T2* mapping. Pre-specified endpoints included: 1) all-cause death or first heart failure hospitalization; and 2) cardiac death, nonfatal MI, or urgent coronary revascularization (major adverse cardiovascular events). Binary logistic regression (odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]) with smoking status was used.
resultsIn total, 324 patients with ST-segment elevation MI were enrolled (mean age 59 years, 73% men, 60% current smokers). Current smokers were younger (age 55 ± 11 years vs. 65 ± 10 years, p < 0.001), with fewer patients with hypertension (52 ± 27% vs. 53 ± 41%, p = 0.007). Smokers had better TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) flow grade (≥2 vs. ≤1, p = 0.024) and ST-segment resolution (none vs. partial vs. complete, p = 0.010) post-percutaneous coronary intervention. On day 1, smokers had higher circulating C-reactive protein, neutrophil, and monocyte levels. Two days post-MI, smoking independently predicted infarct zone hemorrhage (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.42 to 5.37; p = 0.003). After a median follow-up period of 4 years, smoking independently predicted all-cause death or heart failure events (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.07 to 4.54) and major adverse cardiovascular events (OR: 2.79; 95% CI: 2.30 to 5.99).
conclusionsSmoking is associated with enhanced inflammation acutely, infarct-zone hemorrhage subsequently, and longer term adverse cardiac outcomes. Inflammation and irreversible myocardial hemorrhage post-MI represent mechanistic drivers for adverse long-term prognosis in smokers. (Detection and Significance of Heart Injury in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. [BHF MR-MI]; NCT02072850).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.