Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30030837›Full record

ArticleEpilepsia2018

The expression of inflammatory markers and their potential influence on efflux transporters in drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy tissue.

Lora D Weidner, Pavitra Kannan, Nicholas Mitsios, Sun J Kang, Matthew D Hall, William H Theodore, Robert B Innis, Jan Mulder

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Epilepsia, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The potential role of COX-2/PGs signaling pathway in epileptogenesis and associated neuroinflammation: collusions or serendipity.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
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  12. Translocator protein (18 kDa) positron emission tomography imaging as a biomarker of neuroinflammation in epilepsy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Lora D WeidnerMolecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Pavitra KannanCRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nicholas MitsiosDepartment of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sun J KangStatistical Genomics and Data Analysis Core, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Matthew D HallChemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
William H TheodoreClinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Robert B InnisMolecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jan MulderDepartment of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
National Institute of Mental Health · USKarolinska Institutet · SENational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences · USNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke · USUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Clinical Evaluation of PET RadiotracersZIAMH002852 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI INNIS, ROBERT · 2009 to 2025
$48.6M
Translational Evaluation Of PET RadiotracersZIAMH002795 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI INNIS, ROBERT · 2009 to 2025
$32.0M
Physiologic And Pharmacologic Studies In EpilepsyZIANS002236 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI THEODORE, WILLIAM · 2009 to 2020
$14.2M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002795
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe role of neuroinflammation in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), and how it relates to drug resistance, remains unclear. Expression levels of the inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 have been found to be increased in animal models of epilepsy. Knowing the cellular expression of COX-1 and COX-2 is the key to understanding their functional role; however, only 3 studies have investigated COX-2 expression in epilepsy in humans, and there are no reports on COX-1. In addition, previous studies have shown that certain inflammatory proteins up-regulate ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression (thought to be responsible for drug resistance), but this relationship remains unclear in human tissue. This study sought to measure the expression of COX-1, COX-2, and translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO, an inflammation biomarker acting as a positive control), as well as ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), in brain tissue samples from people with drug-resistant MTLE.

methodsFormalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical brain tissue was obtained from 33 patients with drug-resistant MTLE. Multiplex immunofluorescence was used to quantify the expression and distribution of COX-1, COX-2, TSPO, P-gp, and BCRP.

resultsCOX-1 was expressed in microglia, and COX-2 and TSPO were expressed in microglia and neurons. BCRP density correlated significantly with TSPO density, suggesting a potential relationship between inflammatory markers and efflux transporters. SIGNIFICANCE: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to measure the cellular expression of COX-1, COX-2, and TSPO in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in surgical brain tissue samples from patients with drug-resistant MTLE. Further research is needed to determine the effects of the COX inflammatory pathway in epilepsy, and how it relates to the expression of the ABC transporters P-gp and BCRP.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultATP-Binding Cassette TransportersATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2Cyclooxygenase 1Cyclooxygenase 2Drug Resistant EpilepsyEpilepsy, Temporal LobeFemaleGene Expression RegulationHumansMaleMicrogliaMiddle AgedNeoplasm ProteinsNeuronsABCG2 protein, humanATP-Binding Cassette TransportersATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2Cyclooxygenase 1Cyclooxygenase 2Neoplasm ProteinsReceptors, GABATSPO protein, humanABC transporterscyclooxygenase (COX)epilepsyinflammation

Identifiers

PMID30030837
PMCPMC6356105
OpenAlexW2883829150

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.