ArticleBMC cancer2018
Genomic alterations accompanying tumour evolution in colorectal cancer: tracking the differences between primary tumours and synchronous liver metastases by whole-exome sequencing.
Article in BMC cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer Patients-Do We Have New Predicting Clinicopathological and Molecular Biomarkers? A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Mechanism of neoantigen generation and advances in neoantigen-based immunotherapies in colorectal cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Genetic differences between primary colorectal cancer and its paired synchronous and metachronous metastases.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Consideration of tumor genomics in the management of synchronous colorectal liver metastases.Surgery open science · 2025Article
- Review
- Utilization of primary tumor samples for cancer neoantigen discovery.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Unravelling the Complexity of Colorectal Cancer: Heterogeneity, Clonal Evolution, and Clinical Implications.Cancers · 2023Review
- Report of two patients in whom comparisons of the somatic mutation profile were useful for the diagnosis of metastatic tumors.Surgical case reports · 2022Article
- Whole exome and transcriptome sequencing reveal clonal evolution and exhibit immune-related features in metastatic colorectal tumors.Cell death discovery · 2021Article
- Consensus molecular subtypes of primary colon tumors and their hepatic metastases.Future science OA · 2021Article
- Characterization of genomic alterations in Chinese colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Review
- Mutational concordance analysis provides supportive information for double cancer diagnosis.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Generation of multiepitope cancer vaccines based on large combinatorial libraries of survivin-derived mutant epitopes.Immunology · 2020Article
- Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Overexpression of LBX2 associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.Oncology letters · 2020Article
- Comparative single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals liver metastasis-specific targets in a patient with small intestinal neuroendocrine cancer.Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) patients with metastatic disease can become cured if neoadjuvant treatment can enable a resection. The search for predictive biomarkers is often performed on primary tumours tissue. In order to assess the effectiveness of tailored treatment in regard to the primary tumour the differences in the genomic profile needs to be clarified.
methodsFresh-frozen tissue from primary tumours, synchronous liver metastases and adjacent normal liver was collected from 21 patients and analysed by whole-exome sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Gene variants designated as 'damaging' or 'potentially damaging' by Ingenuity software were used for the subsequent comparative analysis. BAM files were used as the input for the analysis of CNAs using NEXUS software.
resultsShared mutations between the primary tumours and the synchronous liver metastases varied from 50 to 96%. Mutations in APC, KRAS, NRAS, TP53 or BRAF were concordant between the primary tumours and the metastases. Among the private mutations were well-known driver genes such as PIK3CA and SMAD4. The number of mutations was significantly higher in patients with right- compared to left-sided tumours (102 vs. 66, p = 0.004). Furthermore, right- compared to left-sided tumours had a significantly higher frequency of private mutations (p = 0.023). Similarly, CNAs differed between the primary tumours and the metastases. The difference was mostly comprised of numerical and segmental aberrations. However, novel CNAs were rarely observed in specific CRC-relevant genes.
conclusionThe examined primary colorectal tumours and synchronous liver metastases had multiple private mutations, indicating a high degree of inter-tumour heterogeneity in the individual patient. Moreover, the acquirement of novel CNAs from primary tumours to metastases substantiates the need for genomic profiling of metastases in order to tailor metastatic CRC therapies. As for the mutational status of the KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes, no discordance was observed between the primary tumours and the metastases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.