ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2018
Residential Surrounding Greenness and Cognitive Decline: A 10-Year Follow-up of the Whitehall II Cohort.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of neighborhood built environment on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Social class and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prospective longitudinal studies.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2023Pooled it
- Is Greenness Associated with Dementia? A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Long-Term Exposure to Greenspace and Cognitive Function during the Lifespan: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Long-Term Exposure to Residential Greenspace and Healthy Ageing: a Systematic Review.Current environmental health reports · 2020Pooled it
- Precision residential greenspace, urban environmental exposures, and incident dementia among older adults in Sweden: A 16-year cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- [Modifiable risk and protective factors for dementia: an overview of established and emerging evidence].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Assessing racial disparities in dementia-related vulnerabilities: a machine learning analysis of social, environmental, and climate factors.Ethnicity & health · 2026Article
- Associations between greenspace and memory: Evidence from the COMPASS cohort in Chicago.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Urban greenspace and dementia: Measures, mechanisms, and methodological guidance.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Integrating the physical environment into Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias research: A Gateway Exposome Coordinating Center (GECC) agenda on gaps and priorities.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Homo sapiens, industrialisation and the environmental mismatch hypothesis.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Midlife exposure to neighborhood greenness and later-life cognitive decline: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Separate and combined associations of heatwaves, air pollution, green spaces, and blue spaces with depressive symptoms: a national cohort study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Exploring the pathways between green space and blue space, and cognitive function in later life: a mediation analysis in Northern Ireland.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Investigating biological sex as a moderator of the association of nature exposure with brain health: a cross-sectional UK biobank analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Air pollution, greenspace, and metabolic syndrome in older Czech and Swiss populations.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Built Environments and Health in Later Life: A Literature Review.Journal of aging and health · 2025Review
- Effects of indoor biophilic environments on cognitive function in elderly patients with diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Impacts of High Versus Low Greenness on Cardiovascular Disease Conditions.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence on beneficial associations of green space with cognitive function in older adults is very scarce and mainly limited to cross-sectional studies.
objectivesWe aimed to investigate the association between long-term residential surrounding greenness and cognitive decline.
methodsThis longitudinal study was based on three waves of data from the Whitehall II cohort, providing a 10-y follow-up (1997-1999 to 2007-2009) of 6,506 participants (45-68 y old) from the United Kingdom. Residential surrounding greenness was obtained across buffers of 500 and around the participants' residential addresses at each follow-up using satellite images on greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) from a summer month in every follow-up period. Cognitive tests assessed reasoning, short-term memory, and verbal fluency. The cognitive scores were standardized and summarized in a global cognition
resultsIn a fully adjusted model, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI was associated with a difference in the global cognition z-score of 0.020 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.003, 0.037;
conclusionsHigher residential surrounding greenness was associated with slower cognitive decline over a 10-y follow-up period in the Whitehall II cohort of civil servants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2875.
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Registered trials
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