ArticleTobacco control2019
Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: a cross-sectional analysis of data from Demographic and Health Survey from 30 low-income and middle-income countries.
Article in Tobacco control, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal exposure to nicotine and postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Adult Smoking Behavior on Children's Exposure to Secondhand Smoke. An Analysis Based on Salivary Cotinine Levels Among Children in Dhaka and Karachi.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Multicomponent Behavioural Intervention during Pregnancy to Reduce Home Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial in Bangladesh and India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Trial
- Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The protective effect of maternal electroacupuncture on prenatal nicotine exposure-induced intrauterine growth restriction in rats by improving placental angiogenesis.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: Nicotine metabolites in maternal urine and breast milk as biomarkers of infant birth weight and length, a cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Association between household second-hand smoke and low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa.PloS one · 2025Article
- Pathway linking unwanted pregnancy to low birth weight in Indonesia: A conditional mediation analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Cancer incidence among Armenians in California.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Predictive factors and adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal smoking status.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Electroacupuncture may protect pulmonary dysplasia in offspring with perinatal nicotine exposure by altering maternal gut microbiota and metabolites.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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- Socio-demographic and antenatal risk factors of brain tumor in children and young people: A matched case-control study from Karachi, Pakistan.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Associations of Education and Income with Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Non-smoking Pregnant Women in Japan: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Maternal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke during Pregnancy and Testicular Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The challenge of tobacco and nicotine use among women.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2023Article
- Common assumptions in tobacco control that may not hold true for South-East Asia.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Review
- Prenatal exposure to tobacco and adverse birth outcomes: effect modification by folate intake during pregnancy.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of infant stillbirth, congenital malformations, low birth weight and respiratory illnesses. However, little is known about the extent of SHS exposure during pregnancy. We assessed the prevalence of SHS exposure in pregnant women in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).
methodsWe used Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 2008 and 2013 from 30 LMICs. We estimated weighted country-specific prevalence of SHS exposure among 37 427 pregnant women. We accounted for sampling weights, clustering and stratification in the sampling methods. We also explored associations between sociodemographic variables and SHS exposure in pregnant women using pairwise multinomial regression model.
findingsThe prevalence of daily SHS exposure during pregnancy ranged from 6% (95% CI 5% to 7%) (Nigeria) to 73% (95% CI 62% to 81%) (Armenia) and was greater than active tobacco use in pregnancy across all countries studied. Being wealthier, maternal employment, higher education and urban households were associated with lower SHS exposure in full regression models. SHS exposure in pregnant women closely mirrors WHO Global Adult Tobacco Survey male active smoking patterns. Daily SHS exposure accounted for a greater population attributable fraction of stillbirths than active smoking, ranging from 1% of stillbirths (Nigeria) to 14% (Indonesia).
interpretationWe have demonstrated that SHS exposure during pregnancy is far more common than active smoking in LMICs, accounting for more stillbirths than active smoking. Protecting pregnant women from SHS exposure should be a key strategy to improve maternal and child health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.